Langman s Medical Embryology 13th Edition by TW Sadler – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1451191642 ,9781451191646
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ISBN 10: 1451191642
ISBN 13: 9781451191646
Author: TW Sadler
Langman s Medical Embryology 13th Edition Table of contents:
PART 1 General Embryology
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Molecular Regulation and Signaling
▪ GENE TRANSCRIPTION
DNA Methylation Represses Transcription
▪OTHER REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION
▪INDUCTION AND ORGAN FORMATION
▪CELL SIGNALING
Signal Transduction Pathways
Paracrine Signaling
Juxtacrine Signaling
Paracrine Signaling Factors
Fibroblast Growth Factors
Hedgehog Proteins
WNT Proteins
The TGF-β Superfamily
Other Paracrine Signaling Molecules
▪KEY SIGNALING PATHWAYS FOR DEVELOPMENT
Sonic Hedgehog: Master Gene for Embryogenesis
The Planar Cell Polarity: Convergent Extension Pathway
The Notch Pathway
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 2 Gametogenesis: Conversion of Germ Cells into Male and Female Gametes
▪ PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS
Clinical Correlates
▪ THE CHROMOSOME THEORY OF INHERITANCE
Mitosis
Meiosis
Crossover
Polar Bodies
Clinical Correlates
▪ MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING MATURATION OF THE GAMETES
Oogenesis
Maturation of Oocytes Begins Before Birth
Maturation of Oocytes Continues at Puberty
Spermatogenesis
Maturation of Sperm Begins at Puberty
Spermiogenesis
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 3 First Week of Development: Ovulation to Implantation
▪ OVARIAN CYCLE
Ovulation
Corpus Luteum
Clinical Correlates
Oocyte Transport
Corpus Albicans
▪ FERTILIZATION
Phase 1: Penetration of the Corona Radiata
Phase 2: Penetration of the Zona Pellucida
Phase 3: Fusion of the Oocyte and Sperm Cell Membranes
Clinical Correlates
▪ CLEAVAGE
▪ BLASTOCYST FORMATION
Clinical Correlates
▪ UTERUS AT TIME OF IMPLANTATION
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 4 Second Week of Development: Bilaminar Germ Disc
▪ DAY 8
▪ DAY 9
▪ DAYS 11 AND 12
▪ DAY 13
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 5 Third Week of Development: Trilaminar Germ Disc
▪ GASTRULATION: FORMATION OF EMBRYONIC MESODERM AND ENDODERM
▪ FORMATION OF THE NOTOCHORD
▪ ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BODY AXES
▪ FATE MAP ESTABLISHED DURING GASTRULATION
▪ GROWTH OF THE EMBRYONIC DISC
Clinical Correlates
▪ FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE TROPHOBLAST
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 6 Third to Eighth Weeks: The Embryonic Period
▪ DERIVATIVES OF THE ECTODERMAL GERM LAYER
Molecular Regulation of Neural Induction
Neurulation
Neural Crest Cells
Molecular Regulation of Neural Crest Induction
TABLE 6.1 Neural Crest Derivatives
Clinical Correlates
▪ DERIVATIVES OF THE MESODERMAL GERM LAYER
Paraxial Mesoderm
TABLE 6.2 Number of Somites Correlated to Approximate Age in Days
Molecular Regulation of Somite Formation
Somite Differentiation
Molecular Regulation of Somite Differentiation
Intermediate Mesoderm
Lateral Plate Mesoderm
Blood and Blood Vessels
Molecular Regulation of Blood Vessel Formation
Clinical Correlates
▪ DERIVATIVES OF THE ENDODERMAL GERM LAYER
▪ PATTERNING OF THE ANTEROPOSTERIOR AXIS: REGULATION BY HOMEOBOX GENES
▪ EXTERNAL APPEARANCE DURING THE SECOND MONTH
TABLE 6.3 Crown-Rump Length Correlated to Approximate Age in Weeks
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
TABLE 6.4 Summary of Key Events during the Embryonic Period
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 7 The Gut Tube and the Body Cavities
▪ A TUBE ON TOP OF A TUBE
▪ FORMATION OF THE BODY CAVITY
▪ SEROUS MEMBRANES
Clinical Correlates
▪ DIAPHRAGM AND THORACIC CAVITY
▪ FORMATION OF THE DIAPHRAGM
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 8 Third Month to Birth: The Fetus and Placenta
▪ DEVELOPMENT OF THE FETUS
TABLE 8.1 Growth in Length and Weight during the Fetal Period
Monthly Changes
TABLE 8.2 Developmental Horizons During Fetal Life Event
Time of Birth
Clinical Correlates
▪ FETAL MEMBRANES AND PLACENTA
Changes in the Trophoblast
Clinical Correlates
▪ CHORION FRONDOSUM AND DECIDUA BASALIS
▪ STRUCTURE OF THE PLACENTA
Full-Term Placenta
Circulation of the Placenta
Clinical Correlates
Function of the Placenta
Exchange of Gases
Exchange of Nutrients and Electrolytes
Transmission of Maternal Antibodies
Hormone Production
Clinical Correlates
▪ AMNION AND UMBILICAL CORD
▪ PLACENTAL CHANGES AT THE END OF PREGNANCY
▪ AMNIOTIC FLUID
Clinical Correlates
▪ FETAL MEMBRANES IN TWINS
Dizygotic Twins
Monozygotic Twins
▪ PARTURITION (BIRTH)
Clinical Correlates
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 9 Birth Defects and Prenatal Diagnosis
▪BIRTH DEFECTS
Types of Abnormalities
Environmental Factors
Principles of Teratology
Infectious Agents
Other Viral Infections and Hyperthermia
TABLE 9.1 Teratogens Associated with Human Malformations
Radiation
Pharmaceutical Drugs and Chemical Agents
Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Cigarettes
Hormones
Androgenic Agents
Endocrine Disrupters
Oral Contraceptives
Cortisone
In Vitro Fertilization
Maternal Disease
Diabetes
Phenylketonuria
Nutritional Deficiencies
Obesity
Hypoxia
Heavy Metals
Male-Mediated Teratogenesis
Clinical Correlates
▪PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS
Ultrasonography
Maternal Serum Screening
Amniocentesis
Chorionic Villus Sampling
▪FETAL THERAPY
Fetal Transfusion
Fetal Medical Treatment
Fetal Surgery
Stem Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
PART 2 Systems-Based Embryology
CHAPTER 10 The Axial Skeleton
▪SKULL
Neurocranium
Membranous Neurocranium
Newborn Skull
Cartilaginous Neurocranium or Chondrocranium
Viscerocranium
Clinical Correlates
TABLE 10.1 Genes Associated with Skeletal Defects
▪VERTEBRAE AND THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Clinical Correlates
▪RIBS AND STERNUM
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 11 Muscular System
▪STRIATED SKELETAL MUSCULATURE
▪INNERVATION OF AXIAL SKELETAL MUSCLES
TABLE 11.1 Origins of Muscles from Abaxial and Primaxial Precursors
▪SKELETAL MUSCLE AND TENDONS
▪MOLECULAR REGULATION OF MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT
▪PATTERNING OF MUSCLES
▪HEAD MUSCULATURE
▪LIMB MUSCULATURE
TABLE 11.2 Origins of the Craniofacial Muscles
▪CARDIAC MUSCLE
▪SMOOTH MUSCLE
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 12 Limbs
▪LIMB GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
▪LIMB MUSCULATURE
Molecular Regulation of Limb Development
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 13 Cardiovascular System
▪ ESTABLISHMENT AND PATTERNING OF THE PRIMARY HEART FIELD
Clinical Correlates
▪ FORMATION AND POSITION OF THE HEART TUBE
▪ FORMATION OF THE CARDIAC LOOP
Clinical Correlates
▪ MOLECULAR REGULATION OF CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT
▪ DEVELOPMENT OF THE SINUS VENOSUS
▪ FORMATION OF THE CARDIAC SEPTA
Septum Formation in the Common Atrium
Formation of the Left Atrium and Pulmonary Vein
Clinical Correlates
Septum Formation in the Atrioventricular Canal
Atrioventricular Valves
Clinical Correlates
▪ Septum Formation in the Truncus Arteriosus and Conus Cordis
Septum Formation in the Ventricles
Semilunar Valves
Clinical Correlates
▪ FORMATION OF THE CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF THE HEART
Clinical Correlates
TABLE 13.1 Heart Development: Susceptible Stages for the Induction of Cardiac Birth Defects
▪ VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT
Arterial System
Aortic Arches
TABLE 13.2 Derivatives of the Aortic Arches
Vitelline and Umbilical Arteries
Coronary Arteries
Clinical Correlates
Venous System
Vitelline Veins
Umbilical Veins
Cardinal Veins
Clinical Correlates
▪ CIRCULATION BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH
Fetal Circulation
Circulatory Changes at Birth
Lymphatic System
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 14 Respiratory System
▪FORMATION OF THE LUNG BUDS
Clinical Correlates
▪LARYNX
▪TRACHEA, BRONCHI, AND LUNGS
▪MATURATION OF THE LUNGS
TABLE 14.1 Maturation of the Lungs
SUMMARY
Clinical Correlates
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 15 Digestive System
▪ DIVISIONS OF THE GUT TUBE
▪ MOLECULAR REGULATION OF GUT TUBE DEVELOPMENT
▪ MESENTERIES
▪ FOREGUT
Esophagus
Clinical Correlates
Stomach
Duodenum
Clinical Correlates
Liver and Gallbladder
▪ MOLECULAR REGULATION OF LIVER INDUCTION
Clinical Correlates
▪ PANCREAS
Molecular Regulation of Pancreas Development
Clinical Correlates
▪ MIDGUT
Physiological Herniation
Rotation of the Midgut
Retraction of Herniated Loops
Mesenteries of the Intestinal Loops
Clinical Correlates
▪ HINDGUT
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 16 Urogenital System
▪URINARY SYSTEM
Kidney Systems
Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros: The Definitive Kidney
Collecting System
Excretory System
Molecular Regulation of Kidney Development
Clinical Correlates
Position of the Kidney
Function of the Kidney
Bladder and Urethra
Clinical Correlates
Clinical Correlates
▪GENITAL SYSTEM
Gonads
Testis
Ovary
Genital Ducts
Indifferent Stage
Genital Ducts in the Male
Genital Ducts in the Female
Molecular Regulation of Genital Duct Development
Vagina
Clinical Correlates
External Genitalia
Indifferent Stage
External Genitalia in the Male
Clinical Correlates
External Genitalia in the Female
Descent of the Testes
Clinical Correlates
Clinical Correlates
Descent of the Ovaries
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 17 Head and Neck
TABLE 17.1 Derivatives of the Pharyngeal Arches and Their Innervation
▪ PHARYNGEAL ARCHES
First Pharyngeal Arch
Second Pharyngeal Arch
Third Pharyngeal Arch
Fourth and Sixth Pharyngeal Arches
▪ PHARYNGEAL POUCHES
First Pharyngeal Pouch
TABLE 17.2 Derivatives of the Pharyngeal Pouches
Second Pharyngeal Pouch
Third Pharyngeal Pouch
Fourth Pharyngeal Pouch
▪ PHARYNGEAL CLEFTS
▪ MOLECULAR REGULATION OF FACIAL DEVELOPMENT
Clinical Correlates
▪ TONGUE
▪ THYROID GLAND
Clinical Correlates
▪ FACE
Clinical Correlates
TABLE 17.3 Structures Contributing to Formation of the Face
▪ INTERMAXILLARY SEGMENT
▪ SECONDARY PALATE
▪ NASAL CAVITIES
Clinical Correlates
▪ TEETH
▪ MOLECULAR REGULATION OF TOOTH DEVELOPMENT
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 18 Central Nervous System
▪ SPINAL CORD
Neuroepithelial, Mantle, and Marginal Layers
Basal, Alar, Roof, and Floor Plates
Histological Differentiation
Nerve Cells
Glial Cells
Neural Crest Cells
Spinal Nerves
Myelination
Positional Changes of the Cord
Molecular Regulation of Nerve Differentiation in the Spinal Cord
Clinical Correlates
▪ BRAIN
Rhombencephalon: Hindbrain
Myelencephalon
TABLE 18.1 Organization of Alar and Basal Plate Neurons in the Brainstem
Metencephalon
Cerebellum
Mesencephalon: Midbrain
Prosencephalon: Forebrain
Diencephalon
Roof Plate and Epiphysis
Alar Plate, Thalamus, and Hypothalamus
Hypophysis or Pituitary Gland
Clinical Correlates
Telencephalon
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cortex Development
Commissures
Cerebrospinal Fluid
▪ MOLECULAR REGULATION OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
Clinical Correlates
▪ CRANIAL NERVES
▪ AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Sympathetic Nervous System
TABLE 18.2 Origins of Cranial Nerves and Their Composition
TABLE 18.3 Contributions of Neural Crest Cells and Placodes to Ganglia of the Cranial Nerves
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Suprarenal (Adrenal) Gland
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 19 Ear
▪INTERNAL EAR
Saccule, Cochlea, and Organ of Corti
Utricle and Semicircular Canals
▪MIDDLE EAR
Tympanic Cavity and Auditory Tube
Ossicles
▪EXTERNAL EAR
External Auditory Meatus
Eardrum or Tympanic Membrane
Auricle
▪HEARING
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 20 Eye
▪ OPTIC CUP AND LENS VESICLE
▪ RETINA, IRIS, AND CILIARY BODY
▪ LENS
▪ CHOROID, SCLERA, AND CORNEA
▪ VITREOUS BODY
▪ OPTIC NERVE
▪ MOLECULAR REGULATION OF EYE DEVELOPMENT
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
CHAPTER 21 Integumentary System
▪SKIN
Epidermis
Dermis
Clinical Correlates
Clinical Correlates
▪HAIR
Clinical Correlates
▪FINGERNAILS AND TOENAILS
▪SWEAT GLANDS
▪MAMMARY GLANDS
Clinical Correlates
SUMMARY
▪ Problems to Solve
PART 3 Appendix
Answers to Problems
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