Majority Minority Relations Census Update 6th Edition by John Farley – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0205976324 , 9780205976324
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ISBN 10: 0205976324
ISBN 13: 9780205976324
Author: John Farley
This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Why groups interact as they do Majority – Minority Relations helps students develop an understanding of the principles and process that influence race and ethnic relations. This topically organized text is designed to develop students’ understanding of the principles and processes that shape the patterns of relations between racial, ethnic, and other groups in society. Organized by topic, this book provides a more integrated look at the social forces that affect different racial groups. The Census Update program incorporates 2010 Census data into a course–simply and easily. The components of the Census Update Program include an updated census edition with all charts and graphs–to reflect the results of the 2010 Census. In addition, A Short Introduction to the U.S. Census is available and an updated MySocKit. Teaching & Learning Experience Personalize Learning – MySocKit delivers proven results in helping students succeed, provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals. Improve Critical Thinking – Encourages students to critically evaluate racial inequality and conflict. Engage Students – Topical organization helps students delve into the sociology of inter-group relations. Explore Theory – Integrated look at the social forces, principles, and processes that impact different racial groups. Support Instructors – MySocKit enables instructors to assess student progress and adapt course material to meet the specific needs of the class. Note: MySocKit does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MySocKit, please visit: www.mysockit.com or you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MySocKit (at no additional cost). ValuePack ISBN-10: 0205172229 / ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205172221
Majority Minority Relations Census Update 6th Table of contents:
1 Orientation: Basic Terms and Concepts
Overview
Why Study Race and Ethnic Relations?
Emphasis and Approach of this Book
Basic Terms and Concepts
Race and Ethnicity
Is Race a Meaningful Concept?
The Difference Race Makes: Why Races Are Defined and Why the Definitions Change
Ethnic Groups
Measuring Race and Ethnicity
Majority and Minority Groups
Racism
Racial Prejudice
Ideological Racism
Individual Discrimination
Institutional Discrimination
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
Part I Social Psychology and Social Structure as Ways of Understanding Majority-Minority Relations
2 Prejudice: Its Forms and Causes
Overview
What is Prejudice?
Forms of Prejudice
Stereotypes
Causes of Prejudice
Theories About Personality and Prejudice
Is Prejudice Generalized?
The Authoritarian Personality
Explaining Prejudice: Scapegoating and Projection
The Development of Prejudiced Personalities
Evaluation of the Personality Theory of Prejudice
Social Learning and Symbolic Interactionist Theories of Prejudice
Personality Theory Versus Social Learning Theory
Socioeconomic Status and Prejudice
Effects of Education
Economic Insecurity and Prejudice
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
3 Reducing Prejudice: How Achievable? How Important?
Overview
Reducing Prejudice: Some Principles and Approaches
Persuasive Communications
Education
Intergroup Contact
Simulation and Experiential Exercises
Therapy
Overview
How Important is Prejudice?
Merton’s Typology on Prejudice and Discrimination
Can Behavior Determine Attitudes?
Prejudice and Discrimination in America Today
Cognitive Prejudice and Stereotyping
Social Distance
Conative Prejudice and Attitudes Toward Discrimination
Attitudes Among Minority Groups
Symbolic Racism
Do Attitudes Cause Intergroup Inequality?
The Affirmative Answer: Attitudes Do Cause Inequality
The Negative Answer: Attitudes Are Not an Important Cause of Inequality
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
4 Macro-Sociological Perspectives: The Order and Conflict Models
Overview
Sociological Versus Social-Psychological Approaches to Majority-Minority Relations
Factors Shaping Patterns of Majority-Minority Relations: The Sociological View
Perspectives in Sociology
Order and Conflict: Two Sociological Perspectives
The Order (Functionalist) Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
A Comparison
The Social-Structural Perspectives and Social Problems
The Definition of Social Problems
The Location of Social Problems
The Social-Structural Perspectives and Majority-Minority Relations
Functionalist Theories About Majority-Minority Relations
Ethnocentrism and Ethnic Stratification
Assimilation
Conflict Theories About Majority-Minority Relations
Varieties of Conflict Theory in Race and Ethnic Relations
Marxist Theory
Split Labor Market Theory
Internal Colonialism Theory and Critical Race Theory
Competing Perspectives: Is Synthesis Possible?
An Illustration of the Debate: Culture of Poverty Theory and African American Families
Culture of Poverty Theory
Family Structure, Poverty, and African American Families
Is the Black Family Responsible for Disproportionate Black Poverty?
Poverty as a Cause of Single Parenthood
The Wages of Women and Minority Groups
Two-Worker Families
Longer-Term Effects of Single-Parent Families
Teenage Pregnancy
Overview
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
Part II The Historical Roots of Today’s Intergroup Inequality and Majority-Minority Relations
5 Origins and Causes of Ethnic Inequality
Overview
Patterns of Race and Ethnic Relations
Caste Versus Class Systems of Stratification
Three Common Patterns of Race Relations
Paternalistic Race Relations
Competitive Race Relations
Rigid Competitive Race Relations
Fluid Competitive Race Relations
Some Further Comparisons of Paternalistic, Rigid Competitive, and Fluid Competitive Race Relations
Economic Systems
Stratification
Relative Size of Majority Groups and Minority Groups
Division of Labor
Mobility
Racial Interaction
Value Consensus Versus Conflict
The Development of Ethnic Stratification
Initial Contact Between Racial and Ethnic Groups
Origins of Ethnic Inequality
Origins of Racial and Ethnic Inequality in the United States
African Americans
The Plantation System
Why Blacks?
Institutionalization of Paternalistic Caste Relations
Life Under Slavery
2
Native Americans
Early Contact
A Trail of Broken Treaties
Causes of the Subordination of Indian People
The Reservation System
The Indian Reservation and the Slave Plantation: A Comparison
Mexican Americans
Early Contacts
Origins of Ethnic Stratification
Texas
California and Nuevo Mexico
Causes of Anglo-Chicano Inequality
Exploitation of Chicanos for Labor
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
6 Changing Patterns of Majority-Minority Relations in the United States
Overview
Origins of Contact and Modern-Day Race Relations: A Theory of Internal Colonialism
Evolving Patterns of Black-White Race Relations
Caste Relations Become Unstable: The Development of Rigid Competitive Race Relations, 1860–1945
The Antebellum North
The Postbellum South
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
The Postbellum North
Rigid Competitive Race Relations and Other Racial and Ethnic Groups
Asian Americans
Mexican Americans
Overview
A Shift to Fluid Competitive Race Relations: America Since World War II
Changes in the Law: The Banning of Discrimination
Changes in Economics: The Development of Substantial Middle Classes Among Minority Groups
Changes in Attitudes: Changes in the Kind and Degree of Prejudice Among Whites
Factors Causing the Changes: The Effects of Urbanization and Industrialization
Need for Greater Mobility and the Economic Irrationality of Discrimination
Generally Rising Educational Levels
Postwar Economic Growth and Relaxation of Intergroup Competition
Increased Assertiveness by Minorities
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
7 Minority Group Movements and Their Impact on Society
Overview
Adaptive Responses
Acceptance
Displaced Aggression
Avoidance
Seeking Assimilation
Change-Oriented Responses
A Shift Toward Change-Oriented Responses
The Rising Tide of Protest
Necessary Conditions for Social Movements
Collective Dissatisfaction (Relative Deprivation)
Communication Network
Resources
Sense of Efficacy
Leadership
Development of These Conditions and the Formation of Minority Social Movements in the United States After World War II
Urbanization and Industrialization
Economic Expansion
Mass Communications
Rising Educational Levels
International Changes
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Term
8 Changing Values, Goals, and Models: New Thinking on Assimilation, Pluralism, and Separatism
Overview
Changing Goals for Minority Group Movements
Three Ideal Models of Intergroup Relations
Model 1: Assimilation
The Case for Assimilation
The Case Against Assimilation
Model 2: Pluralism
The Case for Pluralism
The Case Against Pluralism
Model 3: Separatism
The Case for Separatism
The Case Against Separatism
Assimilation, Pluralism, and Separatism In American Society
Assimilation and Anglo Conformity
Critique: Have Social Scientists Exaggerated the Degree of Assimilation in American Society?
Changing Attitudes Toward Assimilation and Pluralism
African Americans
The Years 1965 to 1975: The Black Power Movement and a Shift Toward Pluralism
Urban Racial Violence
The Reasons Behind the Changing Goals and Values of Black Americans
Recent Trends in Black Attitudes and Actions: 1975 to the Present
Pluralism and Militancy Among Chicanos, Latinos, and American Indians
Discrimination and Rising Group Consciousness: Arab Americans
The “Ethnic Revival” Among White Americans
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
9 Cross-Cultural Studies of Majority-Minority Relations
Overview
Cross-Cultural Evidence on the Effects of Colonization
South Africa
Northern Ireland
Quebec, Canada
Iraq
The Former Soviet Union
The Former Yugoslavia
The Middle East
Some Comparisons and Contrasts
Great Britain and France: Another Effect of Colonialism
Societies with Peaceful Intergroup Relations
Cross-Cultural Evidence on the Effects of Urbanization and Modernization
Industrialized Countries
Increasing Fluidity? Or Rigidity with Conflict?
Developing Countries: Two Major Trends
Combined Effects of Colonialism and Degree of Modernization
Number of Racial and Ethnic Groups
Cultural and Demographic Characteristics of Majority and Minority Groups: Brazil and Mexico
Overlapping Versus Crosscutting Cleavages
Territorial Ethnic Base
Language
International Relationships
Surges of Immigration
Racial Versus Ethnic Divisions
International Pressure
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
Part III Majority-Minority Relations in America Today: The Role of Institutional Discrimination
10 The Status of Majority and Minority Groups in the United States Today
Overview
Major Racial and Ethnic Groups: Overview and General Statistics
Minority Groups: African Americans, Latinos/as, and Native Americans
African Americans
Hispanic Americans
Native Americans
African Americans, Latinos, and Indian People as Minority Groups
Groups with Intermediate Status: Asian, Jewish, and White Ethnic Americans
Asian Americans
Jewish Americans
Eastern and Southern European White Ethnics
Arab Americans
Whites from Western and Northern Europe: A Dominant Group Within a Dominant Group
Whiteness as a Racial Identity
Status of Minority Groups in America Today
Evidence of Improvement in Minority Status
Evidence of Continuing Inequality
Economics
Political Representation
Education
Health and Mortality
The Intersection of Race, Gender, and Class Inequality
The Meaning of Gender for Women of Color
Gender, Race, and Labor Force Participation
Gender, Race, and Occupation
Special Concerns of Women of Color
Black Men in American Society
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Term
11 The Economic and Health Care Systems and Minority Groups in America
Overview
Wealth and Race: Asset Ownership in America Today
Corporate Asset Ownership and Power
The Economics of Discrimination: Three Theories
Gary Becker’s Theory
Split Labor Market Theory
Marxist Theory
A Note on Internal Colonialism Theory
Evaluating Theories About the Economics of Discrimination
Discrimination and Economic Productivity
Recent Trends and Their Effects on Economic Inequality
Rising Educational Demands and the Employment of Minorities
The Fiscal Troubles of Cities and Their Impact on Minorities
Health Care and Minorities
Cost of Health Care and Health Insurance Coverage
Frequency of Seeking Medical Care
Availability of Health Care Personnel
Lack of Minority Physicians
Places and Types of Care: Race and Class Differences
Non-Economic Biases Against Minorities
The Medicaid Program
The American Health Care Institution: A Conclusion
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
12 Living Apart: Housing Segregation in America
Overview
Housing Discrimination and Segregation
Housing Segregation—What It Is and How We Measure It
Housing Segregation Between Blacks and Whites
Causes of Continuing Black-White Segregation
Economic Explanations of Housing Segregation
Black Preferences
White Preferences
Practices in the Real-Estate Business
Racial Steering
Combating Racial Steering
Blockbusting
Housing Segregation Among Latinos/As, Asian Americans, and Native Americans
Discrimination in Home Finance and Insurance
Lending Discrimination
Subprime and Predatory Lending
Insurance Discrimination
Impacts of Segregation
Job Decentralization and Housing Segregation
Reasons for Job Shifts
Adjustment to Job Shifts
Race, Segregation, and Hurricane Katrina
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
13 The American Political and Legal System and Majority-Minority Relations
Overview
Government in America: Agent of Minority Oppression or Protector of Minority Rights?
Historical Patterns: Government Policies of Discrimination
Voting Rights
Public Facilities
Housing
Education
Contemporary Patterns: Government and Majority-Minority Relations Today
Government Spending
Welfare Reform
Wage and Labor Law, Minorities, and the Growing Income Gap
Public Transportation and Health Care
Barriers to Greater Minority Political Power
Influence
Voting and Political Representation
The American Legal System and Majority-Minority Relations
The Criminal Justice System and the Minority Accused
Detection, Public Fear, and Police Priorities
Racial Profiling, Decision to Arrest, and Police-Minority Relations
Bail
Prosecution and Conviction
Sentencing
Minimum Sentencing and the “War on Drugs”: A War on Minorities?
Victim’s Race and Sentencing
Conclusion
Protecting Minority Rights
Police Protection
Police Brutality
Protection of Legal Rights in the Court System
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
14 Education and American Minority Groups
Overview
A Brief History of School Segregation Since 1954
The Role of Education: Two Views
Funding of Schools
Cultural and Behavioral Factors in the Education of Minorities
Cultural Deprivation?
Cultural Bias?
Biased or Limited Coverage of Minority Groups in School Materials
Teachers’ Expectations and Tracking
Linguistic Issues and the Bilingual Education Debate
Black English and the “Ebonics” Debate
Hispanic and Asian American Students and Bilingual Education
Test Bias and the Standardized Testing Debate
Testing Bias: Summary
Lack of Minority Role Models
Racial Bias in the Educational System: An Evaluation
Resolving Problems of Majority-Minority Inequality in Education: Four Approaches
Approach 1: The Problem Does Not Lie in the Educational System
Conservatism: “Blaming the Victim.”
Economics vs. Education
Approach 2: Assimilation—Compensatory Education and Desegregation Through Busing
Compensatory Education
Desegregation Through Busing
Effects of How Desegregation Is Carried Out
Racial and Political Climate of the Community: The Role of Leadership
Social and Demographic Characteristics of the Community
Approach 3: Multiculturalism and Cultural Immersion
Multiculturalism
Cultural Immersion
Approach 4: The Interactionist Approach
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
Part IV Values, Goals, and Issues of the Present and Future in Majority-Minority Relations
15 Current Trends in Majority-Minority Relations
Overview
Diversity and Multiculturalism in Work and Education
Diversity Management in the Workplace
Characteristics of Effective Diversity Management Programs
Diversity Among the Diversity Program Staff
Beginning with an Assessment
Dealing with Issues Promptly
Use of Case Studies in Training Programs
Goals and Objectives, with Top-Level Support
Accountability
Research and Use What Works
Addressing the Concerns of White Men
Diversity Management and Multiculturalism
Hate Group Activity and Hate Crime
Causes of Hate Group Activity
Bad Economic Conditions
Growing Economic Inequality
Statements and Actions of Political Leaders
Reaction to Change?
Combating Hatred on Campus: Debates and Issues
The Discrimination-Testing Movement
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
16 Current Debates: Affirmative Action, Immigration, and Race Versus Class
Overview
Affirmative Action
Undoing Discrimination?
Reverse Discrimination?
An Alternative View on Quotas
Considering the Net Outcome
How Accurately Do We Measure Qualifications?
Does Affirmative Action Stigmatize Minority Group Members?
Affirmative Action and Majority Group Resentment
Affirmative Action and Minority Professionals
Practical Consequences of Affirmative Action: Empirical Evidence
Legal Aspects of the Affirmative Action Controversy
Higher Education Admissions
Private Employment: Hiring Decisions
Public Employment Hiring Decisions
Public Employment: Layoff Decisions
Minority Set-Aside Programs
Minority Scholarships
Overview and Impact of Recent Changes
Alternatives to Affirmative Action: Are There Other Routes to Equal Opportunity?
High School Grades and Class Rank Percentile Plans
Affirmative Action Based on Socioeconomic Status
The Relative Importance of Race and Class in American Society
Immigration Policy
History of Immigration in the United States
Opposition to Immigration: Perceptions and Realities about Immigration
Unauthorized Immigration, the 1986, 1990, and 1996 Immigration Reform Laws, and Continuing Debates about Immigration Policy
2007: A Failed Attempt at Immigration Reform
Immigration Realities and Immigration Policy
Summary and Conclusion
Critical Review Questions
Key Terms
Glossary
References
Photo Credits
Name Index
Subject Index
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