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ISBN 10: 1477302620
ISBN 13: 9781477302620
Author: Mark Fishman
There is little argument that mass media news projects a particular point of view. The question is how that bias is formed. Most media critics look to the attitudes of reporters and editors, the covert news policy of a publisher, or the outside pressures of politicians and advertisers. Manufacturing the News takes a different tack. Mark Fishman’s research shows how the routine methods of gathering news, rather than any hidden manipulators, determine the ideological character of the product. News organizations cover the world mainly through “beats,” which tend to route reporters exclusively through governmental agencies and corporate bureaucracies in their search for news. Crime, for instance, is covered through the police and court bureaucracies; local politics through the meetings of the city council, county commissioners, and other official agencies. Reporters under daily deadlines come to depend upon these organizations for the predictable, steady flow of raw news material they provide. It is part of the function of such bureaucracies to transform complex happenings into procedurally defined “cases.” Thus the information they produce for newsworkers represents their own bureaucratic reality. Occurrences which are not part of some bureaucratic phase are simply ignored. Journalists participate in this system by publicizing bureaucratic reality as hard fact, while accounts from other sources are treated as unconfirmed reports which cannot be published without time-consuming investigation. Were journalists to employ different methods of news gathering, Fishman concludes, a different reality would emerge in the news—one that might challenge the legitimacy of prevailing political structures. But, under the traditional system, news reports will continue to support the interests of the status quo independently of the attitudes and intentions of reporters, editors, and news sources.
Manufacturing the News 1st Table of contents:
1. News and Public Events
Assembling a Crime Wave
Creating Public Events
Studying Newswork
The Organization of This Book
The Research Setting
Purissima’s Press Corps
Methodology I: Observations as an Apprentice
Methodology II: Observations as a Researcher
2. Exposure to the Newsworld
The Beat
The Detection of Events
Preconditions of Exposure to the Newsworld
The Beat Round
The Bureaucratic Foundations of News Exposure
3. Seeing News Events
The Interpretation of Activities
The Uses of Phase Structures
Nonevents
4. Grounds for Investigating the News
“Fact” and Bureaucratic Accounts
Reasons for Believing Bureaucratic Accounts
Doubting Bureaucratic Accounts
5. Methods for Investigating and Formulating Stories
Irregularities and Missing Information: Filling-in
The Perspectival Nature of Events: Fact-by-Triangulation
Fact-by-Triangulation as a Framework for News Investigation and Story Formulation
6. The Practice and Politics of Newswork
News, Ideology, and Legitimation
The Sources of News Ideology
The Politics of Newswork
Notes
References
Index
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Tags: Mark Fishman, the News, Manufacturing