Maths for Chemists Tutorial Chemistry Texts 2nd edition by Graham Doggett, Martin Cockett – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1782624953, 781782624950
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ISBN 10: 1782624953
ISBN 13: 781782624950
Author: Graham Doggett, Martin Cockett
The two volumes of Maths for Chemists provide an excellent resource for all undergraduate chemistry students but are particularly focussed on the needs of students who may not have studied mathematics beyond GCSE level (or equivalent). The texts are introductory in nature and adopt a sympathetic approach for students who need support and understanding in working with the diverse mathematical tools required in a typical chemistry degree course. The early chapters of Maths for Chemists Volume I: Numbers, Functions and Calculus provide a succinct introduction to the important mathematical skills of algebraic manipulation, trigonometry, numbers, functions, units and the general grammar of maths. Later chapters build on these basic mathematical principles as a foundation for the development of differential and integral calculus. In spite of the introductory nature of this volume, some of the more important mathematical tools required in quantum chemistry are deliberately included, through a gradual introduction to, and development of, the concept of the eigenvalue problem. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.
Maths for Chemists Tutorial Chemistry Texts 2nd Table of contents:
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Table of Contents
1. Numbers and Algebra
1.1 Real Numbers
- 1.1.1 Integers
- 1.1.2 Rational Numbers
- 1.1.3 Irrational Numbers
- 1.1.4 Decimal Numbers
- 1.1.4.1 Working with Decimal Numbers
- 1.1.4.2 Observations on Rounding
- 1.1.4.3 Rounding Errors
- 1.1.5 Combining Numbers
- 1.1.5.1 Powers or Indices
- 1.1.5.2 Rational Powers
- 1.1.5.3 Further Properties of Indices
- 1.1.6 Scientific Notation
- 1.1.6.1 Combining Numbers Given in Scientific Form
- 1.1.6.2 Names and Abbreviations for Powers of Ten
- 1.1.7 Relationships Between Numbers
- 1.1.7.1 Negative Numbers
- 1.1.7.2 Very Large and Very Small Numbers
- 1.1.7.3 Infinity
- 1.1.7.4 The Magnitude
1.2 Algebra
- 1.2.1 Generating a Formula for the Sum of the First n Positive Integers
- 1.2.2 Algebraic Manipulation
- 1.2.2.1 Dealing with Negative and Positive Signs
- 1.2.2.2 Working with Rational Expressions
- 1.2.3 Polynomials
- 1.2.3.1 Factorising a Polynomial
- 1.2.3.2 Forming a Common Denominator
- 1.2.4 Coping with Units
Summary of Key Points
2. Functions and Equations: Their Form and Use
2.1 Defining Functions
- 2.1.1 Functions in a Chemical Context
- 2.1.1.1 Understanding the Role of Units – The Mathematically Correct Approach
- 2.1.1.2 Creating a Function from a Formula
- 2.1.1.3 Understanding the Role of Units – The Pragmatic Approach
2.2 Representation of Functions
- 2.2.1 Tabular Representations of Functions of a Single Variable
- 2.2.2 Graphical Representations of Functions of a Single Variable
- 2.2.2.1 A Chemical Example of a Point Plot
- 2.2.2.2 Improving on the Boyle Model
- 2.2.3 Representing a Function in Terms of a Prescription
- 2.2.3.1 Prescription Functions in Chemistry
2.3 Some Special Mathematical Functions
- 2.2.3.1 Prescription Functions in Chemistry
- 2.3.1 Exponential Functions
- 2.3.1.1 Two Chemical Examples
- 2.3.2 Logarithm Functions
- 2.3.2.1 Defining the Logarithm Function
- 2.3.2.2 Properties of Logarithms
- 2.3.3 Trigonometric Functions
- 2.3.3.1 The Question of Angle
- 2.3.3.2 Angle Measure in S.I. Units
- 2.3.3.3 Sign Conventions for Angles and Trigonometric Functions
- 2.3.3.4 Special Values for Trigonometric Functions
- 2.3.3.5 Reciprocal Trigonometric Functions
- 2.3.3.6 Domains and Periodic Nature of Trigonometric Functions
- 2.3.3.7 Important Identities Involving Trigonometric Functions
- 2.3.3.8 Further Important Properties of Trigonometric Functions
- 2.3.4 Exponential Functions with Base e Revisited
- 2.3.4.1 Symmetric and Antisymmetric Functions
- 2.3.4.2 The Product Function x²e^x
- 2.3.4.3 Product of a Polynomial or Trigonometric Function with an Exponential Function
- 2.3.4.4 A Chemical Example: The 3s Atomic Radial Wave Function for the Hydrogen Atom
- 2.3.5 Explicit and Implicit Functions
2.4 Equations - 2.4.1 An Algebraic Method for Finding Roots of Polynomial Equations
- 2.4.2 Solving Polynomial Equations in a Chemical Context
- 2.4.2.1 Polynomial Equations of Higher Degree in Chemistry
- 2.4.2.2 Examples of Cubic Polynomial Equations in Physical Chemistry
Summary of Key Points
3. Limits
3.1 Mathematical and Chemical Examples
- 3.1.1 Point Discontinuities
- 3.1.2 Limiting Behaviour for Increasingly Large Positive or Negative Values of the Independent Variable
- 3.1.3 Limiting Behaviour for Increasingly Small Values of the Independent Variable
3.2 Defining the Limiting Process - 3.2.1 Finding the Limit Intuitively
- 3.2.2 An Algebraic Method for Evaluating Limits
- 3.2.3 Evaluating Limits for Functions Whose Values Become Indeterminate
- 3.2.4 The Limiting Form of Functions of More Than One Variable
Summary of Key Points
4. Differentiation
4.1 The Average Rate of Change
4.2 The Instantaneous Rate of Change
- 4.2.1 Differentiation from First Principles
- 4.2.2 Differentiation by Rule
- 4.2.2.1 Some Standard Derivatives
- 4.2.2.2 An Introduction to the Concept of the Operator
- 4.2.3 Basic Rules for Differentiation
- 4.2.4 Chain Rule
4.3 Higher Order Derivatives - 4.3.1 Operators Revisited: An Introduction to the Eigenvalue Problem
- 4.3.1.1 The Eigenvalue Problem
4.4 Maxima, Minima and Points of Inflection
- 4.3.1.1 The Eigenvalue Problem
- 4.4.1 Finding and Defining Stationary Points
- 4.4.1.1 Turning Points (Maxima and Minima)
- 4.4.1.2 Points of Inflection
4.5 The Differentiation of Functions of Two or More Variables
Summary of Key Points
5. Differentials
5.1 The Effects of Incremental Change
- 5.1.1 The Concept of Infinitesimal Change
- 5.1.1.1 The Origins of the Infinitesimal
- 5.1.2 Differentials in Action
5.2 The Differential of a Function of Two or More Variables
5.3 The Propagation of Errors
Summary of Key Points
6. Integration
6.1 Reversing the Effects of Differentiation
6.2 The Definite Integral
- 6.2.1 Finding the Area Under A Curve: The Origin of Integral Calculus
- 6.2.1.1 Negative ‘Areas’
- 6.2.2 A Chemical Example: Where is the Electron in the Hydrogen Atom?
6.3 The Indefinite Integral
6.4 General Strategies for Solving More Complicated Integrals - 6.4.1 Integration by Parts
- 6.4.2 Integration Using the Substitution Method
- 6.4.2.1 Use of Trigonometrical Substitutions
- 6.4.2.2 General Comment
6.5 The Connection Between the Definite and Indefinite Integral
Summary of Key Points
7. Differential Equations
7.1 Using the Derivative of a Function to Create a Differential Equation
7.2 Some Examples of Differential Equations Arising in Classical and Chemical Contexts
7.3 First Order Differential Equations
- 7.3.1 F(x, y) is Independent of y
- 7.3.2 Boundary Conditions
- 7.3.3 F(x, y) is in the Form F(x)G(y)
- 7.3.3.1 Separation of Variables Method
- 7.3.4 Separable First Order Differential Equations in Chemical Kinetics
- 7.3.5 First Order Differential Equations Linear in y
- 7.3.5.1 The Constant of Integration
- 7.3.6 First Order Differential Equations in Radioactive Decay Processes
- 7.3.7 First Order Differential Equations in Chemical Kinetics Processes
7.4 Second Order Differential Equations - 7.4.1 Simple Harmonic Motion
- 7.4.2 Second Order Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
- 7.4.3 How is an Eigenvalue Problem Recognised?
- 7.4.3.1 The Search for Eigenfunctions
Summary of Key Points
8. Power Series
8.1 Sequences
- 8.1.1 Finite Sequences
- 8.1.1.1 The Geometric Progression
- 8.1.1.2 Arithmetic Progression
- 8.1.2 Sequences of Indefinite Length
- 8.1.3 Functions Revisited
8.2 Finite Series
8.3 Infinite Series - 8.3.1 π Revisited – The Rate of Convergence of an Infinite Series
- 8.3.2 Testing a Series for Convergence
- 8.3.2.1 The Ratio Test
- 8.3.2.2 The Infinite Geometric Series
8.4 Power Series as Representations of Functions
- 8.4.1 The Maclaurin Series: Expansion about the Point x = 0
- 8.4.1.1 The Maclaurin Series Expansion for e^x
- 8.4.1.2 Truncating the Exponential Power Series
8.5 Solving Differential Equations by Power Series Methods
- 8.5.1 The Solution to an Eigenvalue Problem via a Power Series
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