Miller’s Anesthesia 2 Volume Set 9th Edition by Michael Gropper, Lars Eriksson, Lee Fleisher, Jeanine Wiener Kronish, Neal Cohen, Kate Leslie ISBN 0323596045 978-0323596046

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ISBN 10: 0323596045
ISBN 13: 978-0323596046
Author: Michael Gropper, Lars Eriksson, Lee Fleisher, Jeanine Wiener Kronish, Neal Cohen, Kate Leslie 

Covering everything from historical and international perspectives to basic science and current clinical practice, Miller’s Anesthesia, 9th Edition, remains the preeminent reference in the field. Dr. Michael Gropper leads a team of global experts who bring you the most up-to-date information available on the technical, scientific, and clinical issues you face each day – whether you’re preparing for the boards, studying for recertification, or managing a challenging patient care situation in your practice.

• Contains fully revised and updated content throughout, including numerous new videos online.
• Includes four new chapters: Clinical Care in Extreme Environments: High Pressure, Immersion, and Hypo- and Hyperthermia; Immediate and Long-Term Complications; Clinical Research; and Interpreting the Medical Literature.
• Addresses timely topics such as neurotoxicity, palliation, and sleep/wake disorders.
• Streamlines several topics into single chapters with fresh perspectives from new authors, making the material more readable and actionable.
• Features the knowledge and expertise of former lead editor Dr. Ronald Miller, as well as new editor Dr. Kate Leslie of the University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital.
• Provides state-of-the-art coverage of anesthetic drugs, guidelines for anesthetic practice and patient safety, new techniques, step-by-step instructions for patient management, the unique needs of pediatric patients, and much more – all highlighted by more than 1,500 full-color illustrations for enhanced visual clarity.
• Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices, in addition to accessing regular updates, related websites, and an expanded collection of procedural videos.

The initial printing of Miller’s Anesthesia, 9e contained a dosage error in chapter 26, “Intravenous Drug Delivery Systems,” on page 771, Table 26.5 (Manual Infusion Schemes). A maintenance infusion of Dexmedetomidine was mistakenly reported as 0.3 – 0.7 mcg/kg/min instead of 0.3 – 0.7 mcg/kg/hr (or 0.005-0.015 mcg/kg/min). As of October 2, 2020 all stock has been corrected. If you find that you have a book with this error please contact publisher for correction sticker.

Miller’s Anesthesia 2 Volume Set 9th Table of contents:

Section I. Introduction

1. The Scope of Modern Anesthetic Practice

Introduction

Forces That Will Change Practice (Fig. 1.1)

Conclusions

2. Anesthesia and Analgesia in the Global Context

Introduction

Section 1: Anesthesia and “Global Health”

Section 2: Evolution of Anesthesia Care Models and Challenges Around the World

Section 3: Essentials for Practice in Resource-Constrained Settings

Appendix 1 Links and Useful Resources

Conclusions

3. Perioperative Medicine

Introduction

Perioperative Management

Models of Perioperative Care

Conclusion

4. Informatics in Perioperative Medicine

Introduction

Computer Systems

Computer Networks

The Internet

Information Security

Standards for Healthcare Data Exchange

Regulation of Electronic Data Exchange

The Nature of Healthcare Information in the Anesthesia Encounter

Development and Deployment of Anesthesia Information Management Systems

Integration of Anesthesia Care Information with Operating Room Information Systems

Development of Decision Support Tools

Integration with the Enterprise Electronic Health Record

Billing System Interactions

Challenges in Anesthesia Information Management System Implementation

Additional Uses for Collected Data

Interactions of Electronic Devices with the Delivery of Anesthesia Care

Conclusion

5. Quality Improvement in Anesthesia Practice and Patient Safety

What Is Quality?

Approaches to Quality Assessment

Quality Improvement Measures and Tools

Sources of Quality Improvement Information

Examples of Quality Improvement Programs

The Future: Research, Education, and Ethics

Summary

6. Avoiding Patient Harm in Anesthesia: Human Performance and Patient Safety

What this Chapter is About: An Overview

Human Performance and Patient Safety in Anesthesia: Why is this Important?

Nature of the Anesthesia Professional’s Operational Domain: A Dynamic and Complex Environment

Nature of the Anesthesia Professional’s Work: Task Variation and Workload Management

Patient Safety on the Individual and Team Level

Patient Safety on the Organizational Level

The Bigger Picture: Patient Safety Efforts on the U.S. National and International Level

Conclusion and Outlook

Appendix 6.1. Online Links and Valuable Public Sources

7. Patient Simulation

What This Chapter Is About: An Overview

Simulation in Anesthesia: Why Is It Important?

Application of Simulation in Anesthesia and Health Care

History, Development, and Types of Simulators and Simulation

Simulation Fidelity and Classification of Simulators

Sites of Simulation

Simulation Team Training Participants: Who Should Be Trained and in What Composition?

Patient Simulation Timing: Announced in Advance Versus Unannounced in Advance

Scopes of Simulation in Health Care: The 12 Dimensions of Simulation

Crisis Resource Management (ACRM; CRM): Part of Modern Patient Simulation Team Training

Anatomy of a Patient Simulation Team Training Exercise

Scenario Design and Execution: Knowing the Learning Objectives and Making It Real

Debriefing: Heart and Soul of Patient Simulation

Qualification and Certification of Simulation Instructors

Accreditation of Simulation Programs, Sites, and Centers

Benefits, Effectiveness, and Ecological Validity of Simulation Training

Cost of Patient Simulation and Simulation Centers

Using Simulation for Assessment of Clinical Performance

Simulation Societies and Simulation Journals

The Future of Patient Simulation in Anesthesia

Appendix 7.1 Online Links and Useful Resources

8. Ethical Aspects of Anesthesia Care

Ethical Theory

Clinical Ethics

Special Issues in Informed Consent and Informed Refusal

Ethics of Anesthesia Involving Pregnant Women

The Uncooperative Patient—Coercion and Restraint

Truth Telling—Disclosure of Errors and Apology

Research Ethics

Section II. Anesthetic Physiology

9. Consciousness, Memory, and Anesthesia

Introduction

Consciousness

Memory

Organization and Function of Normal Memory

Effects of Anesthetic Drugs on Declarative Memory Function in Humans

Nonhuman Studies of Anesthetic Effects on Memory Processes and Behavior in the Medial Temporal Lobe

Human and Nonhuman Studies of Anesthetic Effects on Fear Memory Systems

Anesthetic Effects on Implicit Memory Function

10. Sleep Medicine

Definition of Sleep

Physiology

How to Assess Sleep

Sleep and Breathing

Sleep and Anesthesia: Two Unequal Twins Influencing Perioperative Medicine

Sleep and Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit

Acknowledgment

11. Cerebral Physiology and the Effects of Anesthetic Drugs

The Anatomy of the Cerebral Circulation

Effects of Anesthetics on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Metabolic Rate

Other Effects of Anesthetics on Cerebral Physiology

Cerebral Physiology in Pathologic States

12. Neuromuscular Physiology and Pharmacology

Neuromuscular Transmission

Neuromuscular Junction

Drug Effects on Postjunctional Receptors

Biology of Prejunctional and Postjunctional Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Neuromuscular Junction at Extremes of Age

13. Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology

Respiratory Physiology Is Central to the Practice of Anesthesia

Pulmonary Physiology in Health

Ventilation

Static Lung Volumes—Functional Residual Capacity

Respiratory Mechanics

Distribution of Inspired Gas

Perfusion

Clinical Assessment of Lung Function

Intraoperative Respiratory Events

Ventilation-Perfusion Matching During Anesthesia

Factors that Influence Respiratory Function During Anesthesia

Lung Function After Cardiac Surgery

Protective Ventilation

Postoperative Physiotherapy

Intraoperative Hyperoxia

Effect of Sleep on Respiration

14. Cardiac Physiology

Physiology of the Intact Heart

Cellular Cardiac Physiology

Control of Cardiac Function

15. Gastrointestinal Physiology and Pathophysiology

Introduction

Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Function

Transit Time in Health and Disease

Methods of Evaluating Colonic Motility

The Effects of General Anesthesia on Bowel Function

Effect of Opioids on Bowel Function

Effect of Open Abdominal Surgery, Ischemia, Stomas, and Bowel Anastomosis on Gastrointestinal Physiology and Function

Gastrointestinal System Nociception

16. Hepatic Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Considerations

Anatomy of the Liver

Hepatic Physiology

Evaluation of the Liver

Hepatic Pathophysiology

Strategies for Minimizing Blood Loss

17. Renal Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, and Evaluation of Function

Introduction

Organization of the Kidney

Induced Hypotension

18. Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Introduction

Pharmacokinetic Models

Special Interests in Anesthetic Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamic Principles

Special Populations

Summary

19. Inhaled Anesthetics: Mechanisms of Action

History

Integrated Effects on Central Nervous System Function

Identification of Molecular Sites of Anesthetic Action

Cellular Mechanisms

Simple Circuits and Complex Networks

Research Strategies for the Future

Summary

20. Inhaled Anesthetic Uptake, Distribution, Metabolism, and Toxicity

Introduction

Uptake and Distribution of Inhaled Anesthetics

Synthesis of the Model and Inhaled Anesthetic Induction: PK/PD

Metabolism and Toxicity of Inhaled Anesthetics

21. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Inhaled Anesthetics

Introduction

Inhaled Anesthetics

Mucociliary Function and Surfactant

Nonvolatile Inhaled Agents

Summary

22. Inhaled Anesthetics: Delivery Systems

Standards and Guidelines for Anesthesia Workstations

Functional Anatomy of the Anesthesia Workstation

Checking Your Anesthesia Workstation

23. Intravenous Anesthetics

Propofol

Pharmacodynamics

Uses

Barbiturates

Physicochemical Characteristics

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacology

Uses

Benzodiazepines

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Interactions

Uses

Flumazenil

Phencyclidines (Ketamine)

Pharmacodynamics

Etomidate

Pharmacodynamics

Uses

Dexmedetomidine

Effects on the Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System Protection and Other Central Nervous System Effects

Droperidol

Pharmacodynamics

Summary

24. Opioids

Introduction

Pharmacology of Opioids

Neurophysiologic Effects of Opioids

Respiratory Effects of Opioids

Cardiovascular Effects of Opioids

Endocrinologic Effects of Opioids

Renal and Urodynamic Effects of Opioids

Effects of Opioids on Digestive Organs

Other Opioid Effects

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Opioids

Anesthetic Techniques Using Opioids

Other Opioid Agonists

Agonist-Antagonist Opioid Compounds

Opioid Antagonists

Drug Interactions With Opioids

25. Nonopioid Pain Medications

Introduction

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

Acetaminophen

Calcium Channel Blockers

Sodium Channel Blockers

26. Intravenous Drug Delivery Systems

Introduction

Pharmacokinetic Considerations

Pharmacodynamic Considerations

Designing Dosing Regimens

Intravenous Infusion Devices and Technologies

Future Perspectives

27. Pharmacology of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs

History and Clinical Use

Principles of Action of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs at the Neuromuscular Junction

Pharmacology of Succinylcholine

Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs

Special Populations

28. Reversal (Antagonism) of Neuromuscular Blockade

History

Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade: Current Management Practices

Drugs Used to Antagonize (Reverse) Neuromuscular Blockade

29. Local Anesthetics

Basic Pharmacology

Anatomy of the Peripheral Nerve

Mechanism of Action of Local Anesthetics (Pharmacodynamics)

Clinical Pharmacology

Choice of Local Anesthetic for Various Regional Anesthetic Procedures

Pharmacokinetics

Toxicity

Development of Prolonged-Duration and Sensory- or Nociceptive-Selective Local Anesthetics

Biologic Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Failure: Inflammation, Hyperalgesia, Tachyphylaxis, and Genetic Variants

Conclusions

Section III. Anesthesia Management

30. Risk of Anesthesia

Introduction

Framework of Perioperative Risk

Issues Related to Study Design

Risks Related to Patient Characteristics

Special Patient Groups

Risks Directly Related to the Anesthetic Drug

Risks Related to Surgery

Risks Related to the Location of Surgery and Postoperative Monitoring

Risks Related to the Anesthesia Provider

Improving Anesthesia Safety

Summary

31. Preoperative Evaluation

Evolution of Preanesthesia Evaluation

Goals and Benefits of Preanesthesia Evaluation

Clinical Examination During Preoperative Evaluation

Frailty, Geriatric Conditions, and the Older Surgical Patient

Preoperative Evaluation of Patients With Coexisting Disease

Special Issues in Preoperative Evaluation

Preoperative Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies

Preoperative Risk Assessment

Preoperative Medication Management

Planning for Anesthesia

Regulatory Issues

Preoperative Evaluation Clinic

Conclusion

32. Anesthetic Implications of Concurrent Diseases

Role of the Primary Care Physician or Consultant

Diseases Involving the Endocrine System and Disorders of Nutrition

Diseases Involving the Cardiovascular System

Disorders of the Respiratory and Immune Systems

Diseases of the Central Nervous System, Neuromuscular Diseases, and Psychiatric Disorders

Renal Disease and Electrolyte Disorders

Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases

Hematologic Disorders and Oncologic Disease

Patients Given Drug Therapy for Chronic and Acute Medical Conditions

33. Anesthetic Implications of Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Herbal Medicines

Preoperative Assessment and Management

Coenzyme Q10

Other Dietary Supplements

Summary

Acupuncture

Music Therapy

Conclusion

34. Patient Positioning and Associated Risks

Introduction

Physiologic Considerations of Positioning

General Positioning Considerations

Specific Positions

Peripheral Nerve Injury

Pressure Injuries

Bite Injuries

Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room

Perioperative Visual Loss

Conclusion

Disclosure

35. Neuromuscular Disorders Including Malignant Hyperthermia and Other Genetic Disorders

Malignant Hyperthermia

Malignant Hyperthermia Is the Result of Abnormal Function of Muscle Calcium Release Units

Genetics

Fulminant Malignant Hyperthermia

Malignant Hyperthermia–Associated Syndromes

Diagnosis in the Operating Room and Postanesthesia Care Unit

Anesthesia for Susceptible Patients

Multiple Sclerosis

Motor Neuron Disorders

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathies, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy

Myotonic Dystrophy

Myotonia Congenita

Myotubular Myopathy

Metabolic Myopathies

Glycogen Storage Disease Type I

Glycogen Storage Disease Type II (Acid Maltase Deficiency)

Mitochondrial Myopathies

Myasthenia Gravis

Periodic Paralysis (Hyperkalemic, Hypokalemic, and Normokalemic)

Summary

36. Cardiovascular Monitoring

Introduction to Cardiovascular Monitoring: Focused Physical Examination

Heart Rate and Pulse Rate Monitoring

Electrocardiography Monitoring

Blood Pressure Monitoring

Central Venous Pressure Monitoring

Pulmonary Artery Catheter Monitoring

Cardiac Output Monitoring

37. Perioperative Echocardiography

Introduction

History of Perioperative Echocardiography

Principles of Ultrasound

Ultrasound Modalities

Three-Dimensional Image Acquisition

Indications and Practice Guidelines

Transesophageal Echocardiography Examination

Epicardial and Epiaortic Imaging

Transthoracic Echocardiography Examination

Qualitative Assessment

Quantitative Assessment

Hemodynamic Failure and Shock

Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography – Noncardiac Surgery

Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography – Cardiac Surgery

Intraprocedural Transesophageal Echocardiography- Structural Heart Interventions

Emerging Technologies

Perioperative Transthoracic Echocardiography and Focused Cardiac Ultrasound

Critical Care

Training and Certification

Future Directions

38. Implantable Cardiac Pulse Generators: Pacemakers and Cardioverter-Defibrillators

Introduction

Basic Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Function

Perioperative Considerations

Conclusions

39. Neurologic Monitoring

Monitoring Modalities

Clinical Applications of Neurologic Monitoring

Nonsurgical Factors Influencing Monitoring Results

Summary

40. Monitoring the State of the Brain and Central Nervous System During General Anesthesia and Sedation

Induction of General Anesthesia

Maintenance of General Anesthesia: Physiologic Signs and the Nociceptive-Medullary-Autonomic Pathway

Maintenance of General Anesthesia: Electroencephalogram-Based Indices of Level of Consciousness

Emergence From General Anesthesia

Emerging Strategies for Monitoring the Brain States of General Anesthesia and Sedation

41. Respiratory Monitoring

Overview of Respiratory Monitoring

The Physical Examination

Pulse Oximetry

Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation

Tissue Oxygenation

Capnometry and Capnography

Blood Gas Analysis

Monitoring Lung Flows, Volumes, and Pressures:

Plethysmographic Monitoring

Respiratory Rate Monitoring: Apnea Monitoring

Imaging for Respiratory Monitoring

Point of Care Tests

Respiratory Monitoring in Special Conditions

Automated Data Systems

Additional Monitored Variables

42. Renal Pathophysiology and Treatment for Perioperative Ischemia and Nephrotoxic Injury

Introduction and Acute Kidney Injury Definitions

Pathophysiologic Processes of Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury

Renal Response to Hypoperfusion: Autoregulation and Distribution of Cardiac Output to the Kidneys

Detection of Acute Kidney Injury

Preoperative Evaluation of Renal Function and Risk Stratification

Perioperative Acute Kidney Injury: Mechanisms and Treatment

Perioperative Blood Pressure and Fluid Management

Nephrotoxins and Acute Kidney Injury

Renal Replacement Therapy

Summary

43. Neuromuscular Monitoring

Principles of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Types of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Basic Considerations

Sites of Nerve Stimulation and Different Muscle Responses

Patterns of Nerve Stimulation

Equipment

Peripheral Nerve Stimulator

Objective Monitors

Evaluation of Recorded Evoked Responses

Use of Nerve Stimulators in Daily Clinical Practice

When to Use a Peripheral Nerve Stimulator

44. Airway Management in the Adult

Introduction

Functional Airway Anatomy

Airway Assessment

Physiologic Concepts for Airway Management

Anesthesia for Airway Management

Mask Ventilation

Supraglottic Airways

Tracheal Intubation

Emergency Front of Neck Access

Extubation of the Trachea

Dissemination of Critical Airway Information

Summary

45. Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia

Principles

Practice

Historical Perspectives

Anatomy

Anatomic Variations

Mechanism of Action

Physiologic Effects

Indications

Contraindications

Spinal Anesthesia

Epidural Anesthesia

Combined Spinal-Epidural

Caudal Anesthesia

Complications

Outcomes

Recent Advances

46. Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Ultrasound Guidance for Regional Anesthesia

Introduction

Techniques for Localizing Neural Structures

Ultrasound Guidance

Transducer Selection, Manipulation, and Modes of Imaging

Needle Tip Visibility

Approaches to Regional Block With Ultrasound

Brachial Plexus Blocks

Trunk Blocks

Lower Extremity Blocks

Continuous Catheter Techniques

Choice of Local Anesthetic

Complications and Safety

Training

Summary and Conclusions

47. Perioperative Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy

Physiology

Fluid Pharmacology

Clinical Fluid and Electrolyte Management

48. Perioperative Acid-Base Balance

Introduction—Why Is Acid-Base Balance Important?

What Are Acids and Bases?

What Determines the Acidity or Alkalinity of a Solution?

Acid-Base Abnormalities

Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Analytic Tools Used in Acid-Base Chemistry

Acid-Base Problems in Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine

Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis

Ketoacidosis

Renal Acidosis

Hyperchloremic Acidosis

Perioperative Metabolic Alkalosis

Summary

49. Patient Blood Management: Transfusion Therapy

Evolution and Recent History of Blood Transfusion Therapy

Blood Procurement

Blood Component Therapy: Indications for Transfusion

Synthetic Oxygen-Carrying Substances

Autologous Blood

Compatibility Testing

Maximal Surgical Blood Order Schedule

Emergency Transfusion

Fresh Whole Blood

Complications

Citrate Intoxication and Hyperkalemia

Temperature

Acid-Base Abnormalities

Transfusion Reactions

Leukoreduction and Irradiation of Blood Transfusions

Informed Consent

50. Patient Blood Management: Coagulation

Introduction

Normal Hemostasis

Disorders of Hemostasis

Antithrombotics, Thrombolytics, and Procoagulant Drugs

Perioperative Management of Anticoagulation

Emergent Reversal of Anticoagulants

Conclusion

Section IV. Adult Subspecialty Management

51. Management of the Patient with Chronic Pain

Introduction

Drugs Used for Chronic Pain

Interventional Methods used for Chronic Pain

Perioperative Management of Patients with Chronic Pain

52. Palliative Medicine

What Is Palliative Medicine?

Where Is Palliative Care Delivered?

Differences Between Hospice Care and Palliative Care

Anesthetic Concerns in the Patient Receiving Palliative Care

Communication

Prognosis

The Dying Process

53. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery

Introduction

Concomitant Medical Conditions

Difficult Endobronchial Intubation

Prediction of Desaturation During One-Lung Ventilation

Assessment for Repeat Thoracic Surgery

Intraoperative Monitoring

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring

Other Monitoring Technology

Indirect Cardiac Output

Lung Isolation

Difficult Airways and One-Lung Ventilation

Lung-Isolation Techniques in Patients With a Tracheostomy in Place

Anesthetic Management

Management of One-Lung Ventilation

Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction

Ventilation Strategies During One-Lung Ventilation

Prediction of Hypoxemia During One-Lung Ventilation

Treatment of Hypoxemia During One-Lung Ventilation

Anesthetic Management for Common Surgical Procedures

Pulmonary Surgery

Lobectomy

Pneumonectomy

Limited Pulmonary Resections: Segmentectomy and Wedge Resection

Anesthetic Management for Specific Surgical Procedures

Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection

Blebs, Bullae, Cysts, and Pneumatoceles

Lung Transplantation

Pulmonary Hemorrhage

Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy

Bronchopulmonary Lavage

Mediastinal Masses

Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis

Postoperative Management

Postoperative Analgesia

54. Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgical Procedures

Cardiovascular Disease in the 21st Century

Approach to Anesthesia for the Adult Cardiac Patient

Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Specific Cardiovascular Disease States

Procedures in the Hybrid Operating Room

55. Anesthesia for Correction of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Historical Perspectives

Scope of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Normal Cardiac Rhythm

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Permanent Pacing

Resynchronization Therapy

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

Correction of Cardiac Arrhythmias With Ablation Therapy

Future Trends

56. Anesthesia for Vascular Surgery

Preoperative Evaluation

Abdominal Aortic Reconstruction

Endovascular Aortic Repair Surgery

Hybrid Arch Repairs

Carotid Endarterectomy

Endovascular Treatment of Carotid Disease: Carotid Artery Stenting

Lower Extremity Revascularization

57. Anesthesia for Neurologic Surgery and Neurointerventions

Recurrent Issues in Neuroanesthesia

Specific Procedures

58. Anesthesia for Bariatric Surgery

Obesity as a Disease

Nonsurgical Management of Obesity

Surgical Management of Obesity

Anesthetic Management of the Bariatric Surgical Patient

Considerations for Management of the Obese Patient Presenting for Nonbariatric Surgery

59. Anesthesia and the Renal and Genitourinary Systems

Innervation of the Genitourinary System

Anesthesia for Patients With Renal Disease

Renal and Genitourinary Procedures

Urogenital Pain Syndromes and Treatment

60. Anesthesia for Abdominal Organ Transplantation

Kidney Transplantation

Pancreas Transplantation

Liver Transplantation

Conclusions

61. Anesthesia for Organ Procurement

Introduction

Management of Organ Donors After Declaration of Neurologic Death

Donation After Circulatory (Cardiac) Death

Extended Criteria Donor

Management of Organ Donors Before Procurement

Management of Donors After Circulatory Death

Management of Organ Donor During Procurement Surgery

Management of Living Organ Donors

Organ Preservation and Management After Procurement

62. Anesthesia for Obstetrics

Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy and Delivery

Uteroplacental Physiology

Labor Progress

Labor Analgesia

Anesthesia Considerations for Operative Delivery

Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery

Postcesarean Pain Control and Recovery

Complications of Regional Anesthesia

Maternal Comorbidities

Opioid Dependence

Anesthesia for Malpresentation and External Cephalic Version

Obstetric Emergencies

Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy

63. Anesthesia for Fetal Surgery and Other Fetal Therapies

Indications, Procedures, and Outcomes

Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence

Preoperative Assessment and Counseling

Intraoperative Management and Considerations

Postoperative Management and Considerations

Management of Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedure

Conclusions and Future Considerations

64. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery

Preoperative Evaluation

Special Considerations for Conditions Leading to Orthopedic Surgery

Orthopedic Procedures in Children with Special Conditions

Perioperative Management of the Orthopedic Patient

Anesthesia for Spine Surgery

65. Geriatric Anesthesia

Organ-Specific Age-Related Physiologic and Pathologic Changes

Preoperative Assessment

Intraoperative Management Considerations for Older Adults

Postoperative Concerns

Outcomes

66. Anesthesia for Trauma

Introduction

Prioritizing Trauma Care

Anesthesia in War and Austere Conditions

Emergency Airway Management

Resuscitation from Hemorrhagic Shock

Trauma to the Central Nervous System

Orthopedic and Soft Tissue Trauma

Other Traumatic Injuries

Selected Patient Populations

Postoperative Care

Summary

67. Prehospital Care for Medical Emergencies and Trauma

Background

Emergency Medical Technician and Paramedic-Based Emergency Medical Service Systems

Primary Survey and Initial Assessment at the Scene

Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Respiratory Distress

Neurologic Injury and Head Injury

Prehospital Trauma

Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Overdose/Toxicology/Environmental Exposure

Horizons in Prehospital Care

68. Biological, Natural, and Human-Induced Disasters: The Role of the Anesthesiologist

Introduction

Section 1: Natural Disasters

Section 2: Acts of Terrorism

Section 3: Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Warfare

Section 4: Epidemic and Pandemic Infectious Outbreaks

69. Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery

Overview of Ophthalmic Anesthesia

Preoperative Evaluation

Orbital Blocks

Monitored Anesthesia Care

General Anesthesia

Anesthesia for Pediatric Ophthalmology

Postoperative Considerations in Ophthalmic Surgery

Ophthalmic Emergencies

Anesthesia-Related Eye Injuries

70. Anesthesia for Otolaryngologic and Head-Neck Surgery

Synopsis of Ear, Nose, and Throat Anatomy

Preoperative Evaluation for Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery

Airway Management in Otolaryngology

Airway Disorders in Otolaryngology

Anesthesia for Panendoscopy

Otolaryngologic Trauma

Nasal Surgery

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery

Airway Fires

Ear Surgery

Parotid and Other Salivary Gland Surgery

Sleep Apnea Surgery

Zenker Diverticulum

Anesthesia for Surgical Airways: Cricothyrotomy and Tracheostomy

Neck Dissection and Laryngectomy

Maxillary, Mandibular, and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery

Ear, Nose, and Throat Laser Surgery

Phonosurgery

Head and Neck Flap Reconstructive Surgery

Stridor and Heliox

Anesthesia for Face Transplantation

71. Anesthesia for Robotic Surgery

What Is a Robot?

Why Is the Robot Preferred?

When Is the Robot Used?

Future Applications of Robotic Surgery

Physiologic Changes Associated With Patient Positioning

Types of Robotic Surgery

Cardiac (See Also Chapter 54 Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgical Procedures)

Robotic-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (See Also Chapter 53 Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery)

Summary

72. Ambulatory (Outpatient) Anesthesia

Introduction

Benefits of Ambulatory Surgery

Facilities for Ambulatory Surgery

Patient Selection Criteria

Preoperative Assessment

Patient Preparation

Anesthetic Techniques

Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia

Recovery from Ambulatory Anesthesia

Postoperative Pain

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Special Areas

Home Readiness and Beyond

73. Non-Operating Room Anesthesia

Overview: Defining Non-Operating Room Anesthesia—What It Is and How We Got Here

Transitional Priorities for Anesthesiologists Outside of the Operating Room

Specific Procedure-Related Issues

Interventional Pulmonary Procedures

Novel Anesthetic Concerns

Anesthesiology for Image-Guided Interventions: Evolution of a New Interface

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions: New Challenges

Procedures Guided by Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Image-Guided Procedures for Specialty Areas: Neuroradiology and Interventional Cardiology

Procedures in the Neuroradiology Suite

Interventional Neuroradiology: Acute Stroke Treatments

Interventional Cardiology Procedures: General Considerations for the Electrophysiology and Catheterization Laboratories

Anesthesiologists in the Electrophysiology Laboratory

Anesthesiologists in the Catheterization Laboratory

Interventional Echocardiography Anesthesiologists as Co-Proceduralists—The Road Ahead

The Road Ahead: Toward a Comprehensive Strategy

Conclusions

Index

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