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ISBN 10: 3540407472
ISBN 13: 9783540407478
Author: C. Garel
Fetal MR has grown continually in importance in recent years, and the brain has become the main focus of investigation. However, we lack established standards and a good knowledge of the normal MR appearance. To fill this gap is the purpose of the first part of this book, which is an MR atlas of the cerebral development of the fetus. The second part is dedicated to cerebral pathologies. It includes, for each condition, a summary of the fundamental data, the imaging findings (US and MR) in correlation with neurofetopathology and/or postnatal imaging, and a brief perspective of the prognosis.
MRI of the Fetal Brain 1st Table of contents:
Part I Development of the Fetal Brain
Chapter 1 Technique
T2-Weighted Sequences
T1-Weighted Sequences
Gradient-Echo T2-Weighted Sequences
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Gadolinium Injection
Conclusion
Chapter 2 Materials
Chapter 3 Methodology
Examination Protocol
Reference Slices
Fetopathology:MRI Correlation of the Ten Reference Slices
Biometric Study
Study of Gyration (Fig. 35–38)
Study of Myelination
Chapter 4 Results
Chronological Presentation of the Results by Week of Gestation: From 22–23 Weeks of Gestation to 37–38 Weeks of Gestation
22–23 Weeks of Gestation
24–25 Weeks of Gestation
26 Weeks of Gestation
27 Weeks of Gestation
28 Weeks of Gestation
29 Weeks of Gestation
30 Weeks of Gestation
31 Weeks of Gestation
32 Weeks of Gestation
33 Weeks of Gestation
34 Weeks of Gestation
35 Weeks of Gestation
36 Weeks of Gestation
37–38 Weeks of Gestation
Chronological Presentation of the Results by Slice
Detailed Results of Biometry for Each Parameter Studied
Detailed Results of Gyration for Each Sulcus Observed
Detailed Results for Myelination in Each Area
Chapter 5 Comments on the Results
Biometry
Gyration
Neurofetopathological Studies
Sonographic Studies
MRI Studies
Myelination
Chapter 6 Appendix
Pituitary Gland
Optic Chiasm
Brain Stem
Orbital Face of the Frontal Lobes
Cerebral Mantle
Chapter 7 References
Part II Imaging the Pathological Fetal Brain
Chapter 8 Pathology of the Midline
Corpus Callosum Dysgenesis
Thick Corpus Callosum: Corpus Callosum Lipoma
Holoprosencephaly and Absence of Septum Pellucidum
Absence of Septum Pellucidum
References
Chapter 9 Abnormalities of Proliferation, Neuronal Migration and Cortical Organization
Embryology Overview and Classification
Brain Volume Abnormalities
Microcephaly with Simplified Gyral Pattern
Macrocephaly
Asymmetrical: Hemimegalencephaly
Abnormalities of Gyration
Subcortical Heterotopias
Intracortical Heterotopias
Molecular and/or Meningeal Heterotopias
Subcortical Band Heterotopia: Double Cortex Syndrome
Type I Lissencephaly
Type II Lissencephaly
Polymicrogyria Without Laminar Necrosis
Clastic and Other Causes
Schizencephaly
Prognosis
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
References
Chapter 10 Intracranial Space-Occupying Lesions
Intracranial Space-Occupying Lesions
Cystic Intracranial Space-Occupying Lesions
Arachnoid Cysts
Location and Sex
Arteriovenous Malformations
Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation
Meningocoeles and Encephalocoeles
References
Chapter 11 Ventricular Dilatation
Definition of Ventricular Dilatation
Aetiological Diagnosis of Ventricular Dilatation: Limits of Ultrasonography and Contribution of MRI
Which Ventricles Are Affected by Dilatation? Is This Dilatation Unilateral or Bilateral?
What Do the Ventricular Walls Look Like?
Contents of the Ventricles. How Do the Choroid Plexuses Look?
Are the Corpus Callosum and Leaves of the Septum Pellucidum Present?
How Does the Cerebral Parenchyma Look? Study of the Germinal Zone, the Signal of the Cerebral Parenchyma and Gyration
How Is the Posterior Fossa?
What Are the Biparietal Diameter, Head Circumference and Width of the Pericerebral Space?
Are There any Extracerebral Abnormalities?
Natural History of Ventricular Dilatation, Effect on the Cerebral Parenchyma and Prognosis
References
Chapter 12 Abnormalities of the Posterior Cerebral Fossa
Congenital Cystic Abnormalities of the Posterior Fossa
Classification of Congenital Cystic Abnormalities of the Posterior Fossa
Diagnostic Difficulties
Conclusion
Rhombencephalosynapsis
Capillary Telangiectasia of the Rhombencephalon
References
Chapter 13 Antenatal Cerebral Pathologies of Infectious Origin
Cytomegalovirus Infection
Other Infectious Agents
References
Chapter 14 Abnormalities of the Fetal Cerebral Parenchyma: Ischaemic and Haemorrhagic Lesions
General Information
Haemorrhagic Lesions
Ischaemic Lesions
References
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