Nutrition and Obesity 1st edition By Alexandra Kazaks, Judith Stern – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0763778508, 978-0763778507
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ISBN 10: 0763778508
ISBN 13: 978-0763778507
Author: Alexandra Kazaks, Judith Stern
Nutrition and Obesity: Assessment, Management and Prevention is a necessary, timely, and comprehensive text that provides an up-to-date, scientifically accurate study of our current understanding of the causes, consequences, and potential of individual and public responses to the serious health issue of obesity. It presents major concepts about obesity including new knowledge gained from recent advances in research on health risks, energy balance, eating behaviors, the biology of hunger and satiety, and pharmacotherapy and surgery as treatments for obesity. Additionally, the text sets obesity in a public health context that includes local, national, and international environmental policy approaches to assessment and prevention.
Nutrition and Obesity 1st Table of contents:
Section 1: Epidemiology, Assessment, Causes, and Risks Associated with Presence of Overweight and Obesity
Chapter 1 Current Obesity Trends
Obesity Prevalence in the United States
Obesity Definition
How Obesity Data Are Collected
Trends in Obesity: Increasing or Leveling Off?
Extreme Obesity
Childhood Obesity
Disparities According to Sex and Ethnicity
Effects of Socioeconomic Status
Global Trends
Summary
Chapter 2 Assessment of Body Weight and Body Composition
Anthropometric Assessment of Optimal Body Weight
Height-Weight Tables
Calculating Ideal Body Weight
Comprehensive and Consistent Assessment of Overweight and Obesity Recommended by National Institutes of Health (NIH)
How Is BMI Useful?
Calculating BMI
BMI Categories
BMI Variation According to Ethnicity
BMI Limitations
Assessment of Body Composition and Fat Distribution
Air and Water Displacement Techniques
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
Skinfold Measurement
What Is a Normal Body Fat Percentage?
Is Waist Circumference Measurement Better at Assessing Risk Than BMI?
Presence of Other Risk Factors or Disease Comorbidities
Methods to Assess Childhood and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity
Summary
Chapter 3 Causes of Obesity
Factors That Contribute to Obesity
Energy Balance
Metabolic Rate
Energy Expenditure Terminology, Measurement, and Equations
Equations for Calculation of BMR
Thermic Effect of Food
Energy Used During Physical Activity
Environmental Contributors to Increased Energy Intake
Food Availability
Beverages Add More Calories
Increased Portion Sizes
Eating Away from Home
Impact of Socioeconomic Status
Reduced Opportunity for Physical Activity
Metabolic and Genetic Contributions to Eating Behavior
Homeostatic Controls
Hedonic System
Genetic Contributions to Obesity
Summary
Chapter 4 Health and Economic Consequences of Obesity
Health and Economic Consequences of Obesity
Characteristics of Obesity Comorbidities
1. An Increase in Frequency and Severity of the Disease Occurs When Adiposity Is Present
2. An Improvement or Resolution of the Disease Occurs with Weight Loss
3. A Plausible Explanation Exists for the Association of Obesity with the Disease State
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Type 2 Diabetes
Cardiovascular Disease
Respiratory Disease
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Asthma
Malignancies
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Longevity
Controversies About Obesity and Longevity
Psychosocial Correlates of Obesity
Quality of Life
Discrimination and Bias
Psychological Implications
Economic Costs of Obesity
Summary
Section 2: Strategies and Research for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention
Chapter 5 Dietary Interventions for Obesity Prevention and Management
Energy Requirements for Weight Management
Dietary Recommendations for Weight Management
Food Groups and Energy Density
Fruits and Vegetables Food Group
Grains Food Group
Dairy Food Group
Protein Food Group
Solid Fats and Added Sugars
Alcoholic Beverages
Portion Control
Food Labels
Timing of Meals
Specific Diet Plans
Calorie-Reduced Diets
Recommended Macronutrient Distribution
Low-Fat, High-Carbohydrate, High-Fiber Diets
High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diets
Medically Supervised Very-Low-Calorie Diets
Research Comparison of Diets
Popular Diet Plans
How Do We Know What Works?
Summary
Chapter 6 Physical Activity
Energy Balance and Physical Activity
Definitions of Physical Activity
Trends in Physical Activity
How Physical Activity Data Are Collected
Recommendations for Physical Activity
Physical Activity for Good Health, Fitness, and Prevention of Obesity
Physical Activity Recommendations for Children and Youth
Physical Activity for Weight Loss
Physical Activity to Prevent Weight Regain
Physical Activity and the National Weight Control Registry Participants
Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Physical Activity
Metabolic Health
Risks
Costs
Summary
Chapter 7 Pharmacologic Agents in Obesity Management
Medications for Weight Loss
Incidence: How Many People Use Weight-Loss Medications?
How Are Prescription Weight-Loss Medications Regulated?
Pharmacologic Mechanisms of Prescription Weight-Loss Medications
Products That Work Systemically as Appetite Suppressants
Products That Inhibit Absorption of Fat from the Gastrointestinal Tract
Availability of Prescription Medications for Weight Loss/Management
Appetite Suppressants
Lipase Inhibitors
Other Types of Medications Used for Obesity Treatment
Potential Benefits of Weight-Loss Medications
Potential Risks Associated with Weight-Loss Medications
Treatment Guidelines
Will Insurance Cover the Cost of Weight-Loss Medication?
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications for Weight Loss/Management
Dietary Supplement Therapies for Weight Loss
Supplements Regulation and FDA Oversight
How Is Advertising of Weight-Loss Products Regulated?
Red Flag Campaign
Summary
Chapter 8 Surgical Options for Obesity
Surgery for Severe Obesity
History
Incidence
Indications
Age Limits
Contraindications
Before Surgery
Weight Loss Before Surgery
Categories of Procedures
Malabsorptive Versus Restrictive
Open Versus Laparoscopic
Gastric Bypass Surgery
Complications and Risks of Gastric Bypass Surgery
Centers of Excellence
Benefits/Outcomes of Gastric Bypass Surgery
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding
Outcomes Associated with Gastric Banding
Long-Term Success
Insurance Coverage and Accessibility
Future Techniques
Summary
Chapter 9 Behavioral Aspects of Weight Management
Behavior Therapy Assumptions and Characteristics
Assess Readiness to Lose Weight
Set Goals
SMART Goals for Weight Management
Realistic Expectations
Apply Behavior Modification Techniques
Self-Monitoring
Stimulus Control
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Social Support Network
Treatment Delivery Options
Individual Versus Group Therapy
Internet-Based Programs
Long-Term Weight Maintenance
Health at Every Size
Summary
Chapter 10 Where Does Responsibility Lie?
Where Does Responsibility Lie?
Individuals
Families
Environment: Food and Physical Activity Accessibility
Schools
Worksites
Advertising
Stakeholder Responses to Obesity Issues
Healthcare Providers
Schools
Worksites
Public Health
State and Community Government and Organizations
National Programs
Industry
Summary
Chapter 11 New Insights and Future Directions in Obesity Research
New Insights for Future Obesity Research
Links Between Intestinal Bacteria and Obesity
Introduction to Microbiota
Variations in Microbiota
Mechanisms of Action Related to Obesity
New Discoveries Based on Microbial DNA Sequencing
Viruses Potentially Cause Obesity
Viruses and Obesity in Animals
Adenovirus-36
Viruses and Obesity in Humans
Areas for Future Research
Environmental Obesogens
Obesogen Exposure
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Mechanisms of Action
Embryonic and Perinatal Exposures
Sleep Disturbances and Energy Balance
Changes in Sleep over Time
Variations in Measurement of Sleep Duration
Causes of Short Sleep
Studies Relating Sleep Duration to Obesity
Obesity Spreads Within Social Networks
Framingham Heart Study Social Network
Study Results
Reasons for Social Influence on Obesity
Glossary
Index
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