Open Channel Hydraulics 1st edition by A Osman Akan ISBN 0750668571 9780750668576

Chapter 1 Fundamentals of open-channel flow

1.1 Geometric elements of open channels

1.2 Velocity and Discharge

1.3 Hydrostatic pressure

1.4 Mass, momentum and energy transfer in open-channel flow

1.4.1 Mass Transfer

1.4.2 Momentum Transfer

1.4.3 Energy Transfer

1.5 Open-channel flow classification

1.6 Conservation laws

1.6.1 Conservation of Mass

1.6.2 Conservation of Momentum

1.6.3 Conservation of Energy

1.6.4 Steady Flow Equations

1.6.5 Steady Spatially-Varied Flow Equations

1.6.6 Comparison and Use of Momentum and Energy Equations

Chapter 2 Energy and momentum principles

2.1 Critical flow

2.1.1 Froude Number

2.1.2 Calculation of Critical Depth

2.2 Applications of energy principle for steady flow

2.2.1 Energy Equation

2.2.2 Specific Energy Diagram for Constant Discharge

2.2.3 Discharge Diagram for Constant Specific Energy

2.2.4 Specific Energy in Rectangular Channels

2.2.5 Choking of Flow

2.3 Applications of momentum principle for steady flow

2.3.1 Momentum Equation

2.3.2 Specific Momentum Diagram for Constant Discharge

2.3.3 Discharge Diagram for Constant Specific Momentum

2.3.4 Hydraulic Jump

2.3.5 Specific Momentum in Rectangular Channels

2.3.6 Hydraulic Jump in Rectangular Channels

2.3.7 Choking and Momentum Principle

Chapter 3 Normal flow

3.1 Flow resistance

3.1.1 Boundary layer and flow resistance

3.1.2 The Darcy-Weisbach equation

3.1.3 The Chezy equation

3.1.4 The Manning formula

3.2 Normal flow equation

3.3 Normal depth calculations in uniform channels

3.4 Normal depth calculations in grass-lined channels

3.5 Normal depth calculations in riprap channels

3.6 Normal flow in composite channels

3.7 Normal flow in compound channels

Chapter 4 Gradually-varied flow

4.1 Classification of channels for gradually-varied flow

4.2 Classification of gradually-varied flow profiles

4.3 Significance of Froude number in gradually-varied flow calculations

4.4 Qualitative determination of expected gradually-varied flow profiles

4.5 Gradually-varied flow computations

4.5.1 Direct step method

4.5.2 Standard step method

4.6 Applications of gradually-varied flow

4.6.1 Locating hydraulic jumps

4.6.2 Lake and channel problems

4.6.3 Two-lake problems

4.6.4 Effect of choking on water surface profile

4.7 Gradually-varied flow in channel systems

4.8 Gradually-varied flow in natural channels

Chapter 5 Design of open channels

5.1 General design considerations

5.2 Design of unlined channels

5.2.1 Maximum permissible velocity method

5.2.2 Tractive force method

5.2.3 Channel bends

5.3 Design of channels with flexible linings

5.3.1 Design of channels lined with vegetal cover

5.3.2 Design of riprap channels

5.3.3 Temporary flexible linings

5.4 Design of rigid boundary channels

5.4.1 Experience curve approach

5.4.2 Best hydraulic section approach

5.4.3 Minimum lining cost approach

5.5 Channel design for non-uniform flow

Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures

6.1 Flow measurement structures

6.1.1 Sharp-crested weirs

6.1.2 Broad-crested weirs

6.1.3 Flumes

6.2 Culverts

6.2.1 Inlet control flow

6.2.2 Outlet control flow

6.2.3 Sizing of culverts

6.3 Overflow spillways

6.3.1 Shape for uncontrolled ogee crest

6.3.2 Discharge over an uncontrolled ogee crest

6.3.3 Discharge over gate-controlled ogee crests

6.4 Stilling basins

6.4.1 Position of hydraulic jump

6.4.2 Hydraulic jump characteristics

6.4.3 Standard stilling basin designs

6.5 Channel transitions

6.5.1 Channel transitions for subcritical flow

6.5.2 Channel transitions for supercritical flow

Chapter 7 Bridge hydraulics

7.1 Modeling bridge sections

7.1.1 Cross-section locations

7.1.2 Low-flow types at bridge sites

7.1.3 Low-flow calculations at bridge sites

7.1.4 High-flow calculations at bridge sites

7.2 Evaluating scour at bridges

7.2.1 Contraction scour

7.2.2 Local scour at piers

7.2.3 Local scour at abutments

Chapter 8 Introduction to unsteady open-channel flow

8.1 Governing equations

8.2 Numerical solution methods

8.2.1 Explicit finite difference schemes

8.2.2 Implicit finite difference schemes

8.2.3 Special considerations

8.2.4 Channel systems

8.3 Approximate unsteady-flow models

8.3.1 Diffusion-wave model for unsteady flow

8.3.2 Finite difference equations

8.3.3 Solution of finite difference equations

8.4 Simple channel-routing methods

8.4.1 The Muskingum method

8.4.2 The Muskingum-Cunge method

Index