The Ovary 3rd Edition by Peter C. K. Leung, Eli Y. Adashi – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0128132094 978-0128132098
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ISBN 10: 0128132094
ISBN 13: 978-0128132098
Author: Peter C. K. Leung, Eli Y. Adashi
The Ovary, Third Edition, includes more than 60% new material that highlights the clinical aspects of human ovarian functions. It covers advances in the areas of genomics, assisted reproductive technology, and cancer diagnosis and treatment. This updated edition synthesizes new information at the molecular, cellular and organismal levels, while also presenting modern ovarian physiology in a more understandable and comparative context. The book looks at ovarian function from a detailed molecular and cellular level that examines all phases of the ovarian lifecycle that places special emphasis on the pathophysiology of the human ovary, including ovarian carcinogenesis.
- Represents an unparalleled compilation of chapters that are relevant to contemporary ovarian physiology
- Provides basic and clinical research on ovarian function, abnormalities, assisted reproductive technology, and cancer
- Highlights contemporary strategies and treatment paradigms in female factor infertility
The Ovary 3rdTable of contents:
I: The Ovarian Follicular Apparatus: Operational Characteristics
Chapter 1: Follicle Selection in Mammalian Ovaries
Abstract
Introduction
Selection of Primordial Follicles
Intra- and Extragonadal Hormonal Control of Follicle Selection
Oocyte Regulation of Follicle Selection
Conclusions
Chapter 2: Regulation of Follicle Formation and Development by Ovarian Signaling Pathways
Abstract
Introduction
Cellular Signals Regulating Germ Cell Nest Breakdown and Primordial Follicle Formation
Regulation of Primordial Follicle Activation
Cellular Signaling During Preantral Follicular Development
Regulation of Granulosa Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Antral and Preovulatory Follicles
Conclusions
Supporting Grants
Disclosure Summary
Chapter 3: Human Folliculogenesis Revisited: The Menstrual Cycle Visualized by Ultrasonography
Abstract
Introduction
Folliculogenesis
Hormonal Influences on Folliculogenesis
Ovulation and Luteogenesis
Insights Regarding Animal Models for the Study of Folliculogenesis in Women
Future Directions and Clinical Implications
Summary
Chapter 4: Development of the Mammalian Ovary and Follicles
Abstract
Introduction
Gonadal (or Genital) Ridge Formation
Ovigerous Cord Formation
Regionalization—Cortex and Medulla
Ovigerous Cord Breakdown and Follicle Formation
Establishment of Primordial Follicle Reserve
Follicle Activation
Formation of the Ovarian Surface Epithelium
Formation of the Ovarian Tunica Albuginea
Formation of the Theca Interna and Externa
Early Formation of the Vasculature
Conclusions
Chapter 5: Organization of Ovarian Steroidogenic Cells and Cholesterol Metabolism
Abstract
Introduction
Organization of Steroidogenic Tissues and Cells
Acquisition, Storage, and Trafficking of Cholesterol
Plasma Membrane Cholesterol
Plasma Lipoproteins: The LDL and HDL Pathways
De Novo Cholesterol Synthesis
Relative Roles of Plasma Lipoproteins and De Novo Synthesis in Supplying Cholesterol for Steroidogenesis
Lipid Droplets
Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking
Regulation of Cellular Cholesterol Balance
Overview of Steroidogenesis
Key Proteins in the Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Steroid Hormones
Regulation of Expression of the Steroidogenic Machinery
Conclusion
Chapter 6: Inhibin, Activin, and Follistatin in Ovarian Physiology
Abstract
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Inhibin, Activin, and Follistatin
Structural Features, Signaling, and Regulation of Inhibin, Activin, and Follistatin Activity
Synthesis and Action of Inhibin, Activin, and Follistatin in the Ovary
Human Physiology and Clinical Implications
Summary
Chapter 7: Cell-Cell Interactions in Ovarian Follicles: Role of TGF-β Superfamily Members
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Introduction
TGF-β Superfamily Ligands
TGF-β Signaling Receptors
TGF-β Signal Transduction Pathway
Expression of TGF-β Superfamily Ligands in the Human Ovary
Expression of TGF-β Receptors in the Human Ovary
Primordial Germ Cell Development
Regulation of Ovarian Preantral Follicle Development
Intraovarian Cell-Cell Communication
Oocyte-Somatic Cell Interactions
Ovarian Steroidogenesis
GC Proliferation and Differentiation
Modulation of Extracellular Matrix Formation
Modulation of Cumulus-Oophorus Complex Formation and Expansion
Modulation of Ovulation
Modulation of Luteal Function
Roles of TGF-β Superfamily Members in Female Reproductive Pathology
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Endometriosis
Perspectives for Therapeutic Development
Conclusion
Chapter 8: Mutations and Polymorphisms, and Their Functional Consequences, in Gonadotropin and Gonadotropin Receptor Genes
Abstract
Introduction
Structural Features of Gonadotropins and Gonadotropin Receptors
Effects of Mutations and Polymorphisms in Gonadotropin and Gonadotropin Receptor Genes on Ovarian Function
Conclusion
Chapter 9: Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Ovarian Disease
Abstract
Introduction
The Epigenome
Transgenerational Ovarian Effects
Conclusion
Glossary
II: Oocyte Maturation and Ovulation
Chapter 10: Mammalian Oogenesis: The Fragile Foundation of the Next Generation
Abstract
Introduction
Embryonic Development of the Ovarian Reserve
Cytoplasmic Maturation
Nuclear Maturation
Epigenetic Regulation of the Genome
Conclusions
Chapter 11: Regulation of Mammalian Oocyte Maturation
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Nuclear Maturation
Epigenetic Maturation
Conclusion
Chapter 12: Oocyte Meiotic Maturation
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Oocyte Nuclear Maturation
Oocyte Cytoplasmic Molecular Maturation
Oocyte Cytoplasmic Organelle Maturation
Oocyte Epigenetic Maturation
Conclusion
Chapter 13: Gene Expression During Oogenesis and Oocyte Development
Abstract
Introduction
Gene Expression During Oogenesis
Gene Expression Profile During Oocyte Maturation
The Regulation of Gene Expression During Oocyte Maturation
Epigenetic Dynamics During PGC and Oocyte Development
Abnormal Expression of Genes in Reproductive Diseases
Conclusion
Chapter 14: Ovulation: The Coordination of Intrafollicular Networks to Ensure Oocyte Release
Abstract
Introduction
Ovulatory Intracellular Signaling Cascades
Cumulus Oocyte Complex Expansion
Proteolytic and Angiogenic Tissue Remodeling
Vasoconstriction and Muscle Contraction
Immune Cell Infiltration and Inflammatory Mediators
Clinical Aspects of Ovulation: Anovulation and Contraception
Summary and Conclusions
III: The Corpus Luteum
Chapter 15: Molecular Regulation of Progesterone Production in the Corpus Luteum
Abstract
Introduction
Corpus Luteum
Cholesterol Ester Storage and Signals Regulating Cholesterol Availability
Regulation of Genes Encoding Steroidogenic Pathway Proteins and Cholesterol Availability
Conclusion
Chapter 16: Corpus Luteum Formation
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
Glossary
Chapter 17: Luteolysis and the Corpus Luteum of Pregnancy
Abstract
Introduction
Acquisition of Luteolytic Capacity
Initiation of Luteolysis
Specific Luteolytic Actions of PGF2A on the Diverse Cell Types of the CL
Specific Actions of Immune Cells and Cytokines in Luteolysis
Additional Molecular Mediators of Luteolysis
Cell Loss During Luteolysis
Luteal Rescue
Conclusion
IV: Novel Experimental Models
Chapter 18: Transgenic Mouse Models in the Study of Ovarian Function
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Ovarian Differentiation and Germ Cell Development
Early Folliculogenesis: Primordial Follicle Activation to Follicle Formation
Antral and Preovulatory Follicle Development
Meiotic Arrest of Oocytes During Folliculogenesis and Resumption of Meiosis
Ovulation
Conclusion
Chapter 19: Genome-Wide Association Studies of Ovarian Function Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
The Two Large-Scale GWASs of PCOS in the Han Chinese Population
The GWASs of PCOS in Korean Populations
The GWASs of PCOS in European Populations
The Metaanalysis of PCOS-GWASs Across Ethnicities
Premature Ovarian Failure/Insufficiency
Genetic Risk Factors to POF/I
The First GWAS of POF/I in a Dutch Population
The Largest GWASs of POF/I in a Han Chinese Population
Other GWASs of POF/I Across Ethnicities
Cytogenomic (Comparative Genomic Hybridization, CGH Array) Studies of POF/I
Conclusion
Glossary
Chapter 20: Mitochondria Research in Human Reproduction
Abstract
Introduction
Role of mtDNA Evolutionary Utility in Assisted Reproduction
Clinical Relevance Between mtDNA and Human Embryo Viability
Effect of Long-Acting GnRH Agonist Treatment on Mitochondrial Function in Endometriosis
Relationship Between Low Oxygen Tension and Mitochondrial Function in Embryo Development
Conclusion
Chapter 21: The Role of Mitochondria in Reproductive Function and Assisted Reproduction
Abstract
The origins
Mitochondrial Segregation
Mitochondria in Oocytes
Mitochondrial Therapy
Reproductive Aging
Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation
Mitochondrial Transfer
Conclusion
V: Human Ovarian Pathophysiology: Select Aspects
Chapter 22: Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Abstract
Definition and Prevalence
Pathogenesis
Risk Factors
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prevention
Management
Conclusions
Chapter 23: The Role of GnRH Agonist Triggering in GnRH Antagonist-Based Ovarian Stimulation Protocols
Abstract
Introduction
The Mid-Cycle Ovulation Trigger in Normal Physiology
hCG-Based Triggering in Ovarian Stimulation Cycles
The Rational for GnRHa Triggering
The Benefit of Dual (LH and FSH) Triggering
GnRHa Triggering After Ovarian Stimulation With GnRH Antagonist Cotreatment
GnRHa Triggering for Preventing OHSS
Luteolysis Post-GnRHa Triggering
LPS After Ovulation Triggering
Conclusions
Glossary
Chapter 24: The Ovarian Factor in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Abstract
Conflict of Interest
Definitions
Ovarian Reserve
Definition of Treatment Success in ART
What Controls the Ovary?
How the Ovary Controls Treatment Success in IVF
Affecting Ovarian Performance
In Vitro Management of Oocytes and Embryos
Conclusions and the Future
Chapter 25: The Role of Antimullerian Hormone in Assisted Reproduction
Abstract
Introduction
AMH in Ovarian Physiology
Factors Influencing AMH Levels
AMH Utility in ART
The AMH Assay: Potential Pitfalls and Solutions
Summary
Glossary
Chapter 26: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Abstract
Introduction
Differential Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Hypothyroidism
Hyperprolactinemia
Nonclassical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Androgen-Secreting Tumors
Cushing’s Syndrome
Other Causes
Diagnosis and Clinical Stigmata of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Identification of Polycystic Ovaries
Hyperandrogenism
Hyperandrogenemia
Hirsutism
Chronic Anovulation
Insulin Resistance
Detection of Insulin Resistance in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing and Hemoglobin A1C
Antimullerian Hormone and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Clinical Sequelae of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Generalized Treatment Strategies of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Treatment of Infertility
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Lifetime Disorder?
Genetic Etiology
Family Studies: Phenotypic Variation
Genome-Wide Association Studies and Next-Generation Sequencing in PCOS
Conclusion
Chapter 27: Genetic and Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Financial Disclosure
Introduction
Genetic Factors
Epigenetic Modifications
Environmental Factors
Fetal Programming Hypothesis
Environmental Toxins
Dietary-Related Weight Gain
Gut Microbiota
Lack of Exercise and Physical Activity
Socioeconomic Status
Advanced Glycation End Products
Conclusions
Chapter 28: Germ Cell Failure and Ovarian Resistance: Human Genes and Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Embryology of Ovarian Development: Nature of Genes to Be Postulated
Ovarian Failure as a Result of Haploinsufficiency for the X Chromosome (X-Monosomy and X-Deletions)
Ovarian Failure as a Result of Mendelian Causes
Polygenic Factors in POF: Normal Continuations Variation as a Cause of Heritable EM
Ovarian Resistance
Chapter 29: Environmental Contaminants and Ovarian Toxicity
Abstract
Introduction
Biomonitoring Studies and Evidence of Ovarian Exposure
Epidemiological Evidence of Ovarian Dysfunction
Biological Plausibility of Effects and Potential Mechanisms
Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 30: Autologous Transplantation of Human Ovarian Tissue
Abstract
Introduction
A Brief History of Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation and Transplantation
Transplantation Techniques of Frozen-Thawed Ovarian Tissue
Current Success Rate of Ovarian Transplantation
Limitations With Ovarian Transplantation
Risk of Cancer Cell Reimplantation
Conclusion and Future Directions
Glossary
Chapter 31: Oncofertility: Preservation of Ovarian Function After a Cancer Diagnosis
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Minimizing the Impact of Cancer Therapy on the Ovary
Assessment of the Ovarian Reserve
Fertility Preservation Options in the Cancer Setting
Contraception and Menstrual Suppression for Oncology Patients
Conclusion
Glossary
VI: Human Ovarian Cancer
Chapter 32: Ovarian Cancers: Their Varied Origins and Pathologically Implicated Microenvironment
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Development of the Ovary and the Mullerian Ducts
Subtypes and Origins of Ovarian Cancer
Conclusions and Questions Arising
The Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment: A Preliminary Overview
Multifaceted Functions of the Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment in Disease Progression
Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
Chapter 33: Phenotypic Plasticity and the Origins and Progression of Ovarian Cancer
Abstract
Introduction
Phenotypic Plasticity in Ovarian Epithelial Cells
The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness
Stemness in the Ovarian Surface Epithelium
Stemness in the Fallopian Tube Epithelium
Phenotypic Plasticity in Ovulatory Wound Repair
Heterogeneity of Ovarian Cancer
Consequences of the EMT on Ovarian Cancer Progression
A Therapeutic Outlook: Targeting Plasticity
Conclusion
Chapter 34: Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Targets for Ovarian Cancer
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Introduction
Molecular Aberrations in Ovarian Cancer
Homologous Recombination and Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase Inhibitors
Targeting Angiogenesis: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and VEGF Receptors
Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/AKT Pathway
Retrovirus-Associated DNA Sequences/v-raf 1 Murine Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog 1 Pathway/MAPK-ERK Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase
EGFR Pathway Targets
Folate Receptor-Alpha
P53
Antimesothelin Antibodies
Notch Pathway
Aurora Kinase
SWItch/Sucrose Nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) Chromatin-Remodeling Complex
Histone Acetyltransferases and Histone Deacetylases
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
SRC-Family Kinases
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
Immunotherapy
Combination Therapy
Side Effects for Targeted Therapies
Summary
Chapter 35: Molecular and Cellular Basis of Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanism of Cisplatin Action and Chemoresistance
The Tumor Microenvironment
Tumor Microenvironment and Chemorsistance
Effect of Chemotherapy on TILs and Implications for Immunotherapy
Cross-Talk Molecules in the Tumor Microenvironment
Modern Treatment Strategies for Ovarian Chemoresistance
Natural Food Compounds
Nanotechnology/Nanomedicine
Personalized Cancer Therapy: The Future?
Conclusion
Glossary
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