The Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders 1st Edition by Roderic Eckenhoff, Niccolò Terrando – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 9781108641364 ,1108641369
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ISBN 10: 1108641369
ISBN 13: 9781108641364
Author: Roderic Eckenhoff, Niccolò Terrando
The Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders 1st Edition Table of contents:
Section 1 Cognitive Function in Perioperative Care
Chapter 1 Emergence Delirium: A New Hypothesis for an Old Problem
Introduction
Review of Clinical Literature
Novel Hypothesis for Emergence Delirium
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Postoperative Delirium
Introduction
Incidence
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Predisposing Factors and Precipitating Factors
Intraoperative Factors
Postoperative Factors
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Prevention
Management
Nonpharmacologic Management of Delirium
Pharmacologic Management of Delirium
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: An Overview
Introduction
Background
What POCD Is and Is Not
Prevalence
POCD/NCD and Outcomes
Risk Factors
Role of the Patient
Role of Surgery
Role of Anesthesia
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Postoperative Cognitive Improvement
Introduction
Epilepsy: A Model for Pre- to Postoperative Cognitive Changes
Postoperative Cognitive Improvement: A Working Definition
Biopsychosocial Model of Health: Application to POCD/POCI
Factors That Promote POCI
Biological Level
Psychosocial Level
Social Level
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Persistent Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder: Does Surgery Accelerate Dementia?
Introduction
Surgery and Dementia
What Is Dementia?
What Is Alzheimer’s Disease?
How Is the Date of Onset and Progression of Dementia Ascertained?
Is Anything Certain about the Relationship of Surgery and Dementia?
Is There Biomarker Evidence of Postsurgical Dementia?
Will In Vitro or Animal Data Resolve Postsurgical Dementia Phenotypes?
Are Cognitive Phenotypes after Surgery Related to One Another?
Current Research Priorities
Next Steps in Clinical Care
Conclusion
References
Section 2 Pathophysiology of the Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders
Chapter 6 Animal Models and Cognitive Testing of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders
Introduction
Animal Models: General Considerations
Anesthesia
Class of Anesthetic/Route of Administration
Physiological Control and Monitoring
Scaling
Superimposed Stress and Inflammation
Surgery
Models of Systemic Inflammation (Sepsis and LPS)
Animal Models of Preexisting Vulnerabilities
Cognitive Testing of PND in Animal Models
Limitations of and Future Recommendations for Animal Models in PND
References
Chapter 7 Anesthesia and Neurodegeneration
Introduction
Neurotoxicity
Preclinical Investigation
Clinical Investigation
Neuroprotection
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Pharmacologic (Receptor-Based) Mechanisms of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder
Introduction
Role of Glutamatergic, GABAergic, and Cholinergic Transmission in Learning and Memory
Glutamate Receptors
GABA Receptors
Cholinergic System
Role of Glutamate Receptors in PND
Role of the Cholinergic System in PND
Role of Other Receptor Signaling Systems in PND
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Surgery and the Inflammatory Response
Introduction
Surgical Trauma and Inflammation
Development of Systemic Inflammation
Severe SIRS and Multiorgan Dysfunction
Cardiovascular Dysfunction
Respiratory Dysfunction
Renal Dysfunction
Neurological Dysfunction
Consequences of Neuroinflammation
Synaptic Dysfunction
Neuronal Death
Impairment of Neurogenesis
GSK3 Dysregulation
Postsurgical Neurodegenerative Disorders
Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder (PND, Formerly POCD)
Alzheimer’s Disease
Novel Therapeutic Options for Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder
Statins
Xenon
Nicotinic Stimulation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Comorbidities and Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorder
Introduction
Advanced Age
Metabolic Syndrome
Infection
References
Section 3 Symptomatology and Diagnosis for the Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders
Chapter 11 Cognitive Testing for Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder
Introduction
Cognitive Tests
Issues Associated with Repeated Testing
Types of Cognitive Tests
Assumptions Underlying POCD/PND
Definition of POCD
Group versus Individual Analysis
Incidence Analysis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Biomarkers of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Finding the Signal amid the Noise
Introduction
Urine as a Biomarker Source
Blood as a Biomarker Source
CSF as a Biomarker Source
DNA as a Biomarker Source
Neuroimaging as a Biomarker Source
Intraoperative Physiologic Monitoring as a Biomarker Source
Conclusion
References
Color Plate
Chapter 13 Neuroimaging in the Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders
Introduction
Imaging Basics
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Positron Emission Tomography
Neuroimaging in Alzheimer’s Disease
Imaging Neuroinflammation
Neuroimaging in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder
White Matter Hyperdensity Imaging after Cardiac Surgery
The Emergence of Functional Connectivity Imaging in PND
Conclusion
References
Section 4 Clinical Recommendations and Prevention
Chapter 14 Preoperative Testing to Identify Vulnerable Subgroups
Introduction
Preoperative Cognitive Impairment and Postoperative Cognitive Complications
Preoperative Screening for Cognitive Impairment
Mild Cognitive Impairment and Postsurgical Cognitive Complications
Geriatric Depression and Surgical Outcomes
Frailty and Postoperative Outcomes
Social Vulnerability and Postoperative Cognitive Outcomes
Preoperative Screening for Social Vulnerability
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Informed Consent and Cognitive Impairment
Introduction
Preoperative Cognitive State
Postoperative Cognitive State
Informed Consent and Cognition
Competence and Capacity
Disclosure of Material Information
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder Mitigation Strategies
Introduction
Anesthesia: Regional versus General
General Anesthetic Class
General Anesthetic Depth
Sedatives and Psychotropics
Steroids, NSAIDs, and Cholinergics
Perioperative Monitoring
Prehabilitation
References
Index
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