Practical Physics 4th edition by Squires – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0521779401, 9780521779401
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ISBN 10: 0521779401
ISBN 13: 9780521779401
Author: Squires
Practical Physics demonstrates the purposive and critical approach that should be made to all experimental work in physics. It does not describe a systematic course of experiments, but is intended as a companion to any undergraduate course of practical work. The text is in three parts. The first deals with the statistical treatment of data, the second with experimental methods, and the third with such essential matters as keeping efficient records, accuracy in calculations, and scientific writing. The text is liberally illustrated with examples and exercises, with solutions to the latter. The new edition includes a treatment of the χ2 distribution, a section on atomic clocks, worked examples based on spreadsheets, and additional exercises. Existing examples and references have been brought up to date. Although intended for undergraduates, Practical Physics has proved of interest to school-students, teachers, and researchers, not only in physics, but also in other branches of science.
Practical Physics 4th Table of contents:
1 The object of practical physics
Part 1 Statistical treatment of data
2 Introduction to errors
2.1 The importance of estimating errors
2.2 Systematic and random errors
2.3 Systematic errors
3 Treatment of a single variable
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Set of measurements
3.3 Distribution of measurements
3.4 Estimation of σ and σm
3.5 The Gaussian distribution
3.6 The integral function
3.7 The error in the error
3.8 Discussion of the Gaussian distribution
Summary of symbols, nomenclature, and important formulae
Exercises
4 Further topics in statistical theory
4.1 The treatment of functions
4.2 The straight line – method of least squares
4.3 The straight line – points in pairs
4.4 Weighting of results
Summary of equations for the best straight line by the method of least squares
Exercises
5 Common sense in errors
5.1 Error calculations in practice
5.2 Complicated functions
5.3 Errors and experimental procedure
Summary of treatment of errors
Exercises
Part 2 Experimental methods
6 Some laboratory instruments and methods
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Metre rule
6.3 Micrometer screw gauge
6.4 Measurement of length – choice of method
6.5 Measurement of length – temperature effect
6.6 The beat method of measuring frequency
6.7 Negative feedback amplifier
6.8 Servo systems
6.9 Natural limits of measurement
Exercises
7 Some experimental techniques
7.1 Rayleigh refractometer
7.2 Measurement of resistivity
7.3 Absolute measurement of the acceleration due to the Earth’s gravity
7.4 Measurement of frequency and time
7.5 The Global Positioning System
Exercises
8 Experimental logic
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Apparent symmetry in apparatus
8.3 Sequence of measurements
8.4 Intentional and unintentional changes
8.5 Drift
8.6 Systematic variations
8.7 Calculated and empirical corrections
8.8 Relative methods
8.9 Null methods
8.10 Why make precise measurements?
9 Common sense in experiments
9.1 Preliminary experiment
9.2 Checking the obvious
9.3 Personal errors
9.4 Repetition of measurements
9.5 Working out results
9.6 Design of apparatus
Part 3 Record and calculations
10 Record of the experiment
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Bound notebook versus loose-leaf
10.3 Recording measurements
10.4 Down with copying
10.5 Diagrams
10.6 Tables
10.7 Aids to clarity
10.8 Some common faults – ambiguity and vagueness
11 Graphs
11.1 The use of graphs
11.2 Choice of ruling
11.3 Scale
11.4 Units
11.5 Some hints on drawing graphs
11.6 Indicating errors
11.7 Sensitivity
12 Arithmetic
12.1 Arithmetic is important
12.2 Computers
12.3 Calculators
12.4 Ways of reducing arithmetical mistakes
12.5 Checking algebra
Exercises
13 Writing a paper
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Title
13.3 Abstract
13.4 Plan of paper
13.5 Sections of paper
13.6 Diagrams, graphs, and tables
13.7 Instructions to authors
13.8 Clarity
13.9 Good English
13.10 Conclusion
Appendices
A Evaluation of some integrals connected with the Gaussian function
B The variance of s2 for a Gaussian distribution
C The straight line – the standard error in the slope and intercept
Comment on the dependence of m, c, and b
D The binomial and Poisson distributions
Binomial distribution
Poisson distribution
E The X2 distribution – test of goodness of fit
Introduction
Derivation of X2 distribution
The function Pn(X2)
Degrees of freedom
Test of goodness of fit
Worked examples
Comments
F SI units
Names and symbols
Decimal factors
Relation to c.g.s. units
Definitions of the SI base units
G Values of physical constants
H Mathematical tables
Values of the Gaussian function and the Gaussian integral function
Values of X2 for given ν and P
Solutions to exercises
Some useful books
References
Index
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