Problem Based Neurosurgery 1st edition by Sam Eljamel – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 9814317071, 978-9814317078
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ISBN 10: 9814317071
ISBN 13: 978-9814317078
Author: Sam Eljamel
Problem Based Neurosurgery is a remarkable fusion of recent advances in neuro-imaging and neurosurgery with modern teaching of integrated system based curricula. It approaches each problem systematically from history, and physical examination to differential diagnosis, investigations and management options. The book captures four decades of advances and experiences in diagnosis and management of patients. The problems upon which the book is based are real patients and cover all aspects of neurosurgical practice with up to date modern images. The blend of new scientific discoveries, modern imaging and the art of smart history and physical examinations underpins the book to improve diagnosis, investigation and the care of neurosurgical patients.The main thrust of this book is that it is based on clinical problems faced by fellows, residents and students, rather than traditional topic based. Problem based learning and management is the modern method of teaching in the new curriculum of teaching neurosurgery. It is a practical handbook that will help students, residents and community doctors alike. There is no similar book on the market that fulfills the objectives of this handbook.
Problem Based Neurosurgery 1st Table of contents:
Chapter 1: History and Physical Exam
Problem 1-1: How to get the patient to tell you what is wrong. (The smart way of taking a succinct c
Problem 1-2: How to elicit neurological signs effectively, demonstrate them with confidence and make
1-2-1 Higher mental functions examination (HMF):
Problem 1-3: How to examine the first two cranial nerves efficiently, with confidence and make a las
1-3-1 Where does each cranial nerve originate from?
1-3-2 What are the special features and functions of each nerve?
Problem 1-4: How to examine the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves efficiently, with confidence
1-4-1 How to examine the third nerve?
Problem 1-5: How to examine the face (fifth and seventh cranial nerves) efficiently, with confidence
1-5-1 Where does the fifth nerve originate?
1-5-2 How to localise fifth nerve lesion?
1-5-3 How to examine the fifth nerve?
1-5-4 Where does the seventh nerve originate?
1-5-5 How to examine the seventh nerve?
1-5-6 How to localise facial nerve lesions?
Problem 1-6: How to examine the eighth, ninth & tenth cranial nerves efficiently, with confidence an
1-6-1 Where does the eighth nerve originate?
1-6-2 How to examine the eighth nerve?
1-6-3 How to test vestibular functions (balance)?
1-6-4 Where does the ninth nerve originate?
1-6-5 How to examine the ninth cranial nerve?
1-6-6 Where does the tenth nerve originate?
1-6-7 How to examine the tenth cranial nerve?
Problem 1-7: How to examine the 11th and 12th cranial nerves efficiently, with confidence and make a
1-7-1 Where does the 11th nerve originate?
1-7-2 How to examine the 11th nerve?
1-7-3 Where does the 12th nerve originate?
1-7-4 How to examine the 12th cranial nerve?
Problem 1-8: How to examine the motor system efficiently, with confidence and make a lasting impress
1-8-1 How to assess muscle tone?
1-8-2 How to localise a motor lesion along motor pathways?
1-8-3 How to assess muscle power?
1-8-4 How to elicit the reflexes?
1-8-5 How to interpret reflex findings?
Problem 1-9: How to examine the sensory system, coordination and gait efficiently and make a lasting
1-9-1 How to localise a lesion along the sensory pathway?
1-9-2 How to examine the spinothalamic sensory pathways?
1-9-3 How to assess integrity of posterior columns?
1-9-4 How to examine cortical sensation?
1-9-5 How to assess coordination?
References
Chapter 2: Neurological Investigations
Problem 2-1: Computerised tomographic scan (CT): How to interpret CT-based images?
2-1-1: How can I read a plain CT image of the brain?
2-1-2 What are the uses of CT scan?
2-1-3 What enhancement patterns are seen on CT?
2-1-4 What are the advantages of CT?
2-1-5 What are the disadvantages of CT?
Problem 2-2: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): How to interpret MRI-based images?
2-2-1 How can I read an MRI image of the brain?
2-2-2 What are the different MRI sequences?
2-2-3 What are the uses of MRI?
2-2-4 What lesions enhance on MRI scan?
2-2-5 What are the advantages of MRI?
2-2-6 What are the disadvantages of MRI?
Problem 2-3: Non-radiological neuro-investigations. How to interpret non-radiological neuro-investig
2-3-1 How can I perform and interpret CSF examination?
2-3-2 How L/P is performed?
2-3-3 What should CSF analysis include?
2-3-4 What is the differential of abnormal CSF analysis?
2-4-1 How can I interpret an EEG?
2-4-2 How is EEG generated?
2-4-3 What are the different types of EEG waves?
2-5-1 How can I interpret results of nerve conduction studies (NCS)?
2-5-2 Motor NCS
2-5-3 Sensory NCS
2-5-4 What is F-wave study?
2-5-5 H-reflex study
2-5-6 What is the normal F-wave response?
References
Chapter 3: Trauma (Head and Spinal Injured Patients)
Problem 3-1: Head injuries and head trauma. How to manage a patient presenting with a head injury?
PCS3-1-1:
3-1-2 What is the incidence of head injuries?
3-1-3 What is the rationale of head injury management?
3-1-4 When would you refer a patient to hospital after a head injury?
3-1-5 When can a person be sent home after minor head injury?
3-1-6 When are skull X-rays indicated after head injury?
3-1-7 When does a CT become indicated?
3-1-8 When do X-rays of the cervical spine become essential?
3-1-9 Which HI-patients should I discuss with a neurosurgeon?
3-1-10 Who should be admitted to hospital after head injury?
3-1-11 What is concussion and contusion?
3-1-12 How to manage a patient with traumatic cranial haematomas?
3-1-13 How to manage dural fistulae and CSF leaks?
3-1-14 Categorisation of head injury severity
3-1-15 What are the indications of monitoring ICP?
3-1-16 What is the relationship between ICP and CPP?
3-1-17 How to treat raised ICP?
Problem 3-2: Spinal trauma and traumatic spinal cord syndromes. How to manage a patient following sp
PCS3-2-1:
3-2-2 What is the incidence and early management of spinal injuries?
3-2-3 What are the types of spinal cord injuries?
3-2-4 What is spinal shock in trauma?
3-2-5 How to evaluate the spine radiologically?
3-2-6 How to manage patients with suspected cervical spinal injury after radiological evaluation?
3-2-7 When are whole spine X-rays required?
3-2-8 When will you perform an emergency MRI scan?
3-2-9 When will emergency surgery be required?
3-2-10 What are indications for steroids in spinal trauma?
3-2-11 What is Brown Squard Syndrome (BSS)?
3-2-12 What is central cord syndrome (CCS)?
3-2-13 What is Anterior Cord Syndrome (ACS)?
3-2-14 What are the different types of C-spine fractures?
3-2-15 How to use skull traction?
3-2-16 What are the mechanisms of spinal injuries?
References
Chapter 4: Sudden Headache or Collapse (SAH, ICH, Seizures)
Problem 4-1: Sudden headache and subarachnoid haemorrhage. How to manage a patient presenting with s
PCS4-1-1:
4-1-2 What is the differential diagnosis of sudden (acute) headache?
4-1-3 What are the signs associated with SAH?
4-1-4 What is the epidemiology of SAH?
4-1-5 What are the risk factors for SAH?
4-1-6 What causes SAH?
4-1-7 What is the natural history of SAH?
4-1-8 What is the management of a patient suspected of having SAH?
4-1-9 What investigations a SAH-suspected patient should have? What is the interpretation? How to co
4-1-10 How to manage a patient with confirmed SAH?
4-1-11 What is the prognosis after aneurysmal SAH?
Problem 4-2: Collapse and sudden focal neurological deficits. How to manage a patient presenting wit
PCS4-2-1:
4-2-2 What is the differential diagnosis?
4-2-3 What is CVA (cerebrovascular accidents: strokes, infarcts, TIAs)?
4-2-4 What are the risk factors for cerebral infarct?
4-2-5 How to manage spontaneous intracerebral haematoma (SICH)?
4-2-6 How to manage spontaneous arterial dissection?
4-2-7 How to manage cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST)?
Problem 4-3: Collapse, seizures, fits and funny turns. How to manage a patient presenting with seizu
PCS4-3-1:
PCS4-3-2:
PCS4-3-3:
4-3-4 How are seizures classified?
4-3-5 How do AEDs work and what are the principles of AED therapy?
4-3-6 What are the rules regarding epilepsy and driving?
4-3-7 What are the common AEDs used?
4-3-8 How to investigate a patient presenting with seizures?
4-3-9 What are the indications for surgery in epilepsy?
4-3-10 How effective is epilepsy surgery?
4-3-11 What other therapeutic options are available apart from resective surgery for epilepsy?
References
Chapter 5: Raised ICP (Tumours, Abscess and Hydrocephalus)
Problem 5-1: Raised ICP and primary malignant brain tumours. How to manage a patient presenting with
PCS5-1-1:
PCS5-1-2:
5-1-3 What are the features of raised ICP headaches?
5-1-4 What are the characteristic features of raised ICP?
5-1-5 What are the causes of raised ICP?
5-1-6 Epidemiology of primary malignant brain tumours:
5-1-7 What are the different types of primary malignant brain tumours?
5-1-8 What are the other neuroimaging techniques used in brain tumours?
5-1-9 How to manage gliomas?
Problem 5-2: Raised ICP and secondary brain tumours. How to manage a patient presenting with raised
PCS5-2-1:
5-2-2 What is the differential of a single intrinsic cerebral lesion?
5-2-3 What is the epidemiology and presentation of brain metastases?
5-2-4 How to manage brain metastases?
Problem 5-3: Raised ICP, brain abscess and CNS infections. How to manage a patient presenting with r
PCS5-3-1:
5-3-2 What is the epidemiology of CNS infections?
5-3-3 What are the causes and sources of CNS infections?
5-3-4 What types of CNS infections occur?
5-3-5 What are the causes and epidemiology of bacterial meningitis?
5-3-6 What are the symptoms and signs of meningitis?
5-3-7 How to investigate a patient with suspected meningitis?
5-3-8 How to treat bacterial meningitis?
5-3-9 What is the prognosis of meningitis?
5-3-10 How to manage subdural empyema?
5-3-11 How to manage encephalitis?
Problem 5-4: Raised ICP and hydrocephalus. How to manage a patient presenting with raised ICP due to
PCS5-4-1:
PCS5-4-2:
5-4-3 How to classify hydrocephalus (differential diagnosis)?
5-4-4 How to diagnose normal pressure hydrocephalus?
5-4-5 How to treat normal pressure hydrocephalus?
5-4-6 What is congenital hydrocephalus and Chiari malformations?
5-4-7 What is colloid cyst and how to manage it?
5-4-8 How does hydrocephalus exert its effects?
5-4-9 How to investigate a suspected patient with hydrocephalus?
5-4-10 How to manage hydrocephalus?
5-4-11 What are the types of shunts?
References
Chapter 6: Visual Symptoms (Meningiomas, Pituitary Adenomas)
Problem 6-1: Visual failure and intracranial meningiomas. How to manage a patient presenting with co
PCS6-1-1:
PCS6-1-2:
6-1-3 What is the epidemiology of meningiomas?
6-1-4 What are the causes of meningiomas?
6-1-5 How do meningiomas look like and where are they located?
6-1-6 What are the pathological classifications of meningiomas?
6-1-7 How do meningiomas present?
6-1-8 How do meningiomas appear on neuroimaging?
6-1-9 How to manage symptomatic meningiomas?
Problem 6-2: Visual symptoms and pituitary adenomas. How to manage a patient presenting with visual
PCS6-2-1:
PCS6-2-2:
6-2-3 What is the epidemiology of pituitary adenomas?
6-2-4 How do pituitary adenomas present?
6-2-5 How to investigate a patient with possible PA?
6-2-6 What is the differential diagnosis of PA?
References
Chapter 7: Hearing Loss, Ataxia, Vertigo and Facial Pain (CPA Lesions)
Problem 7-1: Hearing loss and cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesions. How to manage a patient presenti
PCS7-1-1:
7-1-2 What causes unilateral sensory neural deafness?
7-1-3 What is the epidemiology of VS?
7-1-4 What are the risk factors for VS?
7-1-5 What is the natural history of VS?
7-1-6 What investigations should a patient with unilateral hearing loss have? What is the interpreta
7-1-7 How to recognise VS, CPA meningioma and epidermoid of CPA?
7-1-8 How to manage VS?
Problem 7-2: Facial pain and trigeminal neuralgia. How to manage a patient presenting with facial pa
PCS7-2-1:
7-2-2 What is the differential diagnosis of facial pain?
7-2-3 How to manage a patient with facial pain?
7-2-4 What is the epidemiology of ITN?
7-2-5 What is TN?
7-2-6 What are the classification of TN?
7-2-7 What is the diagnostic criteria and natural history of TN?
7-2-8 How to manage ITN?
References
Chapter 8: Tremor (Parkinson’s Disease and Dystonia)
Problem 8-1: Tremor and Parkinson’s disease. How to manage a patient presenting with tremor?
PCS8-1-1:
8-1-2 What is the differential diagnosis of tremor?
8-1-3 What is Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinsonism?
8-1-4 How to treat PD?
8-1-5 What is the surgical treatment of PD?
8-1-6 What are the indications for surgery in PD?
8-1-7 What is essential tremor (ET)?
8-1-8 How to treat ET?
8-1-9 What is the surgical treatment of ET?
8-1-10 What is rubral tremor (RT)?
Problem 8-2: Movement disorders and dystonia. How to manage a patient with dystonia?
8-2-1 What is dystonia?
8-2-2 How to classify dystonia?
8-2-3 What causes dystonia?
8-2-4 How to treat dystonia?
8-2-5 What is the surgical treatment of dystonia?
8-2-6 What other surgical treatments for functional disorders?
References
Chapter 9: Para-/Tetraparesis (Spinal Compression)
Problem 9-1: Bilateral limb paresis (malignant spinal compression). How to manage suspected malignan
PCS9-1-1:
9-1-2 What is the differential diagnosis of bilateral leg weakness?
9-1-3 What investigations would you do in suspected MSC?
PCS9-1-4:
9-1-5 What is the incidence of malignant spinal compression?
9-1-6 How does MSC present?
9-1-7 What are the stages of MSC?
9-1-8 How do metastases cause MSC?
9-1-9 How to investigate suspected MSC?
9-1-10 How to manage patients diagnosed with MSC?
Problem 9-2: Bilateral limb paresis (benign spinal compression). How to manage suspected benign spin
PCS9-2-1:
9-2-2 What is the differential diagnosis of cauda equina?
9-2-3 How to investigate suspected cauda equina?
9-2-4 How to manage a patient with intradural spinal tumour?
PCS9-2-5:
9-2-6 What is the differential of paraparesis?
9-2-7 How to investigate paraparesis?
9-2-8 How to manage intradural extramedullary spinal tumours?
9-2-9 What are the different types of dural/intradual spinal tumours?
Problem 9-3: Bilateral limb paresis (spinal infections). How to manage suspected spinal infection?
PCS9-3-1:
9-3-2 What is the differential of acute backache with paraparesis?
9-3-3 Where is the lesion in PCS9-3-1?
9-3-4 What investigations should this patient have?
9-3-5 What are the types of spinal infections?
9-3-6 How does the spine become infected?
9-3-8 How to manage discitis?
PCS9-3-9:
9-3-10 How to manage spinal epidural abscess?
References
Chapter 10: Pain, Weakness or Numbness in a Limb (Radiculopathy, Myelopathy and Peripheral Nerve Pat
Problem 10-1: Brachalgia, myelopathy and cervical disc prolapse. How to manage a patient presenting
PCS10-1-1:
10-1-2 What is the differential diagnosis of brachalgia?
10-1-3 How to investigate cervical radiculopathy?
PCS10-1-4:
10-1-5 What the differential diagnosis of cervical myelopathy?
10-1-6 How to investigate cervical myelopathy?
10-1-7 What is the pathophysiology of the cervical spondylosis?
10-1-8 How does cervical nerve root compression present?
10-1-9 What are the indications for surgery?
Problem 10-2: Sciatica, cauda equina and lumbar disc prolapse. How to manage a patient presenting wi
PCS10-2-1:
10-2-2 What is the differential diagnosis of sciatica?
10-2-3 How to investigate a patient with sciatica?
10-2-4 How to manage a patient with lumbar radiculopathy?
10-2-5 What is the pathophysiology of lumbar disc prolapse?
10-2-6 What are the types of disc prolapse?
10-2-7 How does lumbar IVDP present and what are the signs?
10-2-8 What are the root tension signs in lumbar spine?
10-2-9 How to clinically identify which nerve roots are affected?
10-2-10 What imaging can be performed in lumbar IVDP?
10-2-11 What are the indications for surgery?
10-2-12 What is the outcome and risks of lumbar IVDP surgery?
10-2-13 How do red flags work in patients with LBP?
Problem 10-3: Hands and feet numbness and peripheral nerves. How to manage a patient presenting with
PCS10-3-1:
10-3-2 What is the differential diagnosis of numb index and thumb?
PCS10-3-3:
10-3-4 What is the differential diagnosis of the numb little finger?
PCS10-3-5:
10-3-6 What is the differential diagnosis of numb hands and feet?
10-3-7 How to manage carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)?
10-3-8 How to diagnose CTS?
10-3-9 How to manage cubital tunnel syndrome (UNC)?
10-3-10 How to diagnose UNC?
10-3-11 How to manage peripheral neuropathy (PN)?
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