Psychological Assessment with the MMPI 2 MMPI 2 RF 3rd edition by Alan Friedman, Kevin Bolinskey, Richard Levak, David Nichols ISBN 1136315909 9781136315909

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ISBN 10: 1136315909
ISBN 13: 9781136315909
Author: Alan Friedman, Kevin Bolinskey, Richard Levak, David Nichols

This third edition apprises users of the MMPI-2/MMPI-2-Restructured Form (RF) for the ever-changing landscape of this dynamic personality/psychopathology instrument and its expanding utility in a variety of contexts. Two new chapters addressing the RC scales and the MMPI-2-RF are included in this updated text. Additionally, over 450 new references have been incorporated into the book, with information gathered and organized for practical clinical and forensic applications. The codetype interpretation chapter has expanded its sections with more in-depth feedback information and treatment considerations for clinicians to help in facilitating the formulation of treatment recommendations and strengthening therapeutic relationships with their clients. A number of special scales with clinical and forensic applications are also covered in this edition. An important section has been added addressing the MMPI and suicide. This new edition is a must-have resource that will inform and guide users of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF in their daily practices, and assist researchers in conceptualizing the operating characteristics and configural relationships among the various scales and indices that comprise this instrument. From simple single scale interpretation to complex configural relationships, this text addresses a broad bandwidth of interpretive information designed for text users’ at all levels of sophistication.

Psychological Assessment with the MMPI 2 MMPI 2 RF 3rd Table of contents:

1 Development of the MMPI and MMPI-2

General Description of the MMPI/MMPI-2

Original MMPI Validity Scales

Clinical Scales

Historical Development of the MMPI

MMPI Re-Standardization: The MMPI-2

Experimental Form (AX) and the MMPI-2 Booklet

New Normative Sample

Uniform T-Scores

Linear vs. Uniform T-Scores

Normalized Τ-Scores

Uniform T-Scores

2 Administration, Scoring, and Codetyping

Forms of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF

Abbreviated and Short Forms

Foreign Translations

User Qualifications and Test Instructions

Test Conditions

Participants’ Requirements

Test Scoring and Profile Plotting

Coding the Profile

MMPI/MMPI-2 Code Pattern Correspondence

Codetype stability

3 Measures of MMPI-2 Profile Validity

The Traditional Measures and Their Derivatives

Cannot Say Score (?)

Variable Response Inconsistency Scale (VRIN)

True Response Inconsistency Scale (TRIN)

Infrequency Scale (F)

F-Back Scale (FB)

Additional Measures of Response Style

Self-Unfavorable Scales

Infrequency-Psychopathology Scale: F(p)

Symptom Validity Scale (FBS; formerly Fake Bad Scale)

Dissimulation Scale (Ds)

Self-Favorable Scales

Lie Scale (L)

Correction Scale (K)

Superlative Self-Presentation Scale (S)

Positive Malingering Scale (Mp)

Social Desirability Scale (Sd)

Socioeconomic Status Scale (Ss)

Validity Indices

F-FB Index

Dissimulation Index (F – K)

True Percent Index (T percent)

Note

4 Interpreting the MMPI-2 Validity Scales

Cannot Say Score (?)

Normal Range: 5 or Fewer Unscorable Items

Moderate to High Range: 6 to 29 Unscorable Items

Marked Elevation (Possibly Invalid Profile): 30 or More Unscorable Items

Variable Response Inconsistency Scale (VRIN) (67-item pairs)

Consistent Responding: Raw Scores Between 0 and 9, T-Scores Between 30 and 66

Profile Indeterminate: Raw Scores Between 10 and 14, T-Scores Between 69 and 86

Inconsistent Responding: Raw Scores Greater Than 14, Τ-Scores of 87 or Greater

True Response Inconsistency Scale (TRIN) (23-item pairs)

Raw Scores Between 8 and 10

Raw Scores of 6 and 7, and 11 and 12

Raw Scores of 5 or Less and 13 or Greater

Infrequency Scale (F) (60 items)

Low Scores: Raw Scores of 2 or Less, T-Scores Between 42 (Males) and 44 (Females)

Moderate Scores: Raw Scores Between 3 and 7, T-Scores Between 45 and 61

High Scores: Raw Scores Between 8 and 16, T-Scores Between 61 and 92

Borderline Valid Scores: Raw Scores Between 17 and 25, T-Scores Between 88 and 113 (for Men) and Between 88 and 120 (for Women)

Very High/Invalid Scores: Raw Scores of 26 or Greater, T-Scores of 116 or Greater (for Men) and 120 or Greater (for Women)

F-Back Scale (FB) (40 items)

Low Scores: Raw Scores Between 0 and 3, Τ-Scores Between 42 and 55

High Normal to High Range: Raw Scores Between 4 and 14, Τ-Scores Between 58 and 100

Very High Range: Raw Scores Between 15 and 19, T-Scores Between 101 and 120

Extremely Elevated Scores: Raw Scores of 20 or Greater, T-Scores of 120 or Greater

Self-Unfavorable Scales

Infrequency-Psychopathology Scale: F(p) (27 items)

Dissimulation Scale (Ds) (58 items)

Self-Favorable Scales

Lie Scale (L) (15 items)

Correction Scale (K) (30 items)

Superlative Scale (S) (50 items)

Positive Malingering Scale (Mp) (26 items)

Social Desirability Scale (Sd) (33 items)

Socioeconomic Status Scale (Ss) (73 items)

Validity Indices

F-FB Index

Dissimulation Index (F – K)

True Percent Index (T percent)

Issues in Determining Validity

Basic Validity Scale Configurations

Random Response Set

Notes

Report Language

All-True Response Set

Notes

Report Language

All-False Response Set

Notes

Report Language

Common Validity Scale Patterns

“Most-Open” to “Most-Closed” Validity Configurations

“Most Open” Validity Configuration

“Most Closed” Validity Configuration

5 The MMPI-2 Clinical Scales and Their Derivatives

Clinical Scale Development and Use

Basic Clinical Scales

Scale 1: Hypochondriasis (Hs)

Scale 2: Depression (D)

Scale 2: Subtle–Obvious Subscales

Scale 3: Hysteria (Hy)

Scale 3: Subtle–Obvious Subscales

Scale 4: Psychopathic Deviate (Pd)

Scale 5: Masculinity-Femininity (MF)

Scale 6: Paranoia (Pa)

Scale 7: Psychasthenia (Pt)

Scale 8: Schizophrenia (Sc)

Scale 9: Hypomania (Ma)

Scale 0: Social Introversion (Si)

6 Interpreting the MMPI-2 Codetypes

Introduction

Clinical Scales and Codes

Scale 1 (Hs)

Relations with Other Scales

Scale 2 (D)

Relations with Other Scales

Scale 3 (Hy)

Relations with Other Scales

Scale 4 (Pd)

Relations with Other Scales

Scale 5 (Mf)

Relations with Other Scales

Scale 6 (Pa)

Relations with Other Scales

Scale 7 (Pt)

Relations with Other Scales

Scale 8 (Sc)

Relations with Other Scales

Scale 9 (Ma)

Relations with Other Scales

Scale 0 (Si)

Relations with Other Scales

7 Interpreting the Content of the MMPI-2: Critical Items, Content Scales, and Subscales

Critical Items

Content Scales

Anxiety (ANX)

Fears (FRS)

Obsessiveness (OBS)

Depression (DEP)

Health Concerns (HEA)

Bizarre Mentation (BIZ)

Anger (ANG)

Cynicism (CYN)

Antisocial Practices (ASP)

Type A Behavior (TPA)

Low Self-Esteem (LSE)

Social Discomfort (SOD)

Family Problems (FAM)

Work Interference (WRK)

Negative Treatment Indicators (TRT)

General Principles for the Interpretation of Content Scales

The Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY–5)

Aggressiveness (AGGR)

Psychoticism (PSYC)

Disconstraint (DISC)

Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism (NEGE)

Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality (INTR)

Effects of Response Styles on the PSY–5 Scales

8 Interpreting the MMPI-2 Supplementary Scales

Introduction

Factor Scales A and R

Ego Strength Scale (Es)

Dominance Scale (Do)

Social Responsibility Scale (Re)

College Maladjustment Scale (Mt); Keane et al.’s Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (PK); and Schlenger and Kulka’s Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (PS)

Marital Distress Scale (MDS)

Hostility Scale (Ho)

Overcontrolled-Hostility Scale (O-H)

Substance Abuse Measures: The MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC/MAC–R); the Addiction Admission Scale (AAS); and the Addiction Potential Scale (APS)

Gender Role—Masculine (GM) and Gender Role—Feminine (GF) Scales

Note

9 Interpretation and Report Writing

Clinical and Actuarial Approaches to Interpretation

Development of Actuarial Rules

Actuarial Data and Base Rates

The Importance of Referral Data

Demographic Variables

Age

Gender

Education

Race

Socioeconomic Variables

Interpretive Steps

Common Code Patterns

Code Patterns, Elevation, and Additional Scales

Organizing the Data

Writing the Report

Guidelines for Beginning a Report

Organization of the Report

Interpretation of “Complex Profiles”

Energizers and Suppressors

Providing Feedback to the Client

Guidelines for Giving Feedback

Feedback about the Feedback

10 The Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales

Introduction

Creation of the RC Scales

Psychometric Properties of the RC Scales

Scoring the RC Scales

Using the RC Scales

Demoralization (RCd)

Correlates

Interpretation

Somatic Complaints (RC1)

Correlates

Interpretation

Low Positive Emotions (RC2)

Correlates

Interpretation

Cynicism (RC3)

Correlates

Interpretation

Antisocial Behavior (RC4)

Correlates

Interpretation

Ideas of Persecution (RC6)

Correlates

Interpretation

Dysfunctional Negative Emotions (RC7)

Correlates

Interpretation

Aberrant Experiences (RC8)

Correlates

Interpretation

Hypomanic Activation (RC9)

Correlates

Interpretation

A Final Word on Interpretation

Criticisms of the RC Scales

Empirical Tradition

Theoretical Basis

Redundancy

Construct Drift

Sensitivity

Perspective

Note

11 The Restructured Form of the MMPI-2 (MMPI-2-RF)

The MMPI-2-RF

Administration

Available Formats

Scoring

T-score Conversions

Protocol Scoring

Validity Scales

Item Omissions

Response Consistency

Variable Response Inconsistency (VRIN-r)

True Response Inconsistency (TRIN-r)

Self-Unfavorable Reporting

Infrequent Responses (F-r)

Infrequent Psychopathology Responses (Fp-r)

Infrequent Somatic Responses (Fs-r)

Symptom Validity (FBS-r)

Response Bias Scale (RBS)

Self-Favorable Reporting

Uncommon Virtues (L-r)

Adjustment Validity (K-r)

Higher-Order Scales

Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction (EID)

Thought Dysfunction (THD)

Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction (BXD)

Interpretation

Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales

Specific Problems (SP) Scales

Somatic/Cognitive Scales

Internalizing Scales

Externalizing Scales

Interpersonal Scales

Interest Scales

Aesthetic-Literary Interests (AES)

Mechanical-Physical Interests (MEC)

Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY–5) Scales

Aggressiveness-Revised (AGGR-r)

Psychoticism-Revised (PSYC-r)

Disconstraint-Revised (DISC-r)

Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism-Revised (NEGE-r)

Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality (INTR-r)

Perspective

Note

12 Automated Interpretation of the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-2-RF

Computer-Based Test Interpretation (CBTI)

Advantages and Disadvantages of CBTI

Test and Narrative Report Comparisons: A Case Example

MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF Score and Automated Interpretive Reports for Ms. Valenda

Commentary on the Interpretive Reports

References

Author Index

Subject Index

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Tags: Alan Friedman, Kevin Bolinskey, Richard Levak, David Nichols, Psychological Assessment, the MMPI