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Regenerative Nephrology 1st edition by Michael Fixed ISBN 0123809290 9780123809285

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ISBN 10: 0123809290
ISBN 13: 9780123809285
Author: Michael Fixed

Progression of chronic diseases in general and chronic kidney disease in particular has been traditionally viewed in the light of various contributors to development of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial scarring culminating in renal fibrosis. Indeed, this dogma prevailed for decades underscoring experimental attempts to halt fibrotic processes. Breakthrough investigations of the past few years on stem/progenitor cell involvement in organ regeneration caused a conceptual shift in tackling the mechanisms of nephrosclerosis. It has become clear that the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease is the net sum of the opposing trends: degenerative fibrotic processes and regenerative repair mechanisms. The latter part of this equation has been by and large ignored for years and only recently attracted investigative attention. This book revisits the problem of kidney disease by focusing on regenerative mechanisms in renal repair and on the ways these regenerative processes can become subverted by an intrinsic disease process eventuating in its progression. Cutting-edge investigations are summarized by the most experienced international team of experts.

* Presents a comprehensive, translational source for all aspects of renal stem cells, tissue regeneration, and stem cell therapies for renal diseases in one reference work. This will ultimately result in time savings for academic, medical and pharma researchers.

* Experts in the renal stem cell system in kidney repair and regeneration take readers from the bench research to new therapeutic approaches, providing a common language for nephrology researchers, fellows and other stem cell researchers. This enables the discussion of development of stem cells and their use in the repair and regeneration of the kidney.

Regenerative Nephrology 1st Table of contents:

Introduction

Part I – Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Tissue Regeneration

Chapter 1: Glomerulogenesis and De Novo Nephrogenesis in Medaka Fish – An Evolutionary Approach

  • Introduction

  • Medaka as a Model Animal for Kidney Research

  • Kidney Development in Medaka

  • Kidney Regeneration in Medaka

  • Perspectives

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 2: Renal Organogenesis – Growing a Replacement Kidney In Situ from Transplanted Renal Primordia

  • Introduction

  • Methodology for Organogenesis

  • Renal Organogenesis

  • Alternatives to Embryonic Kidney Primordia

  • Current Challenges

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 3: Use of Genetic Mouse Models to Study Kidney Regeneration

  • Introduction

  • Genetic Modification In Vivo

  • Nephron Development and Genetic Tools

  • Adult Kidney Regeneration

  • Lessons from Kidney Generation

  • References

Part II – Mediators of Regeneration

Chapter 4: Endogenous Anti-inflammatory and Proresolving Lipid Mediators in Renal Disease

  • Introduction

  • Lipid Mediators in Inflammation and Resolution

  • Lipoxins

  • Essential Fatty Acids and Resolution Pathways

  • Aspirin and Resolution

  • Statins and Anti-inflammatory Mediators

  • Lipoxins and HO-1 System

  • Resolvins (E-Series and D-Series)

  • Biosynthesis and Disease Models

  • Corneal Wound Healing

  • Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis

  • Therapeutic Potential

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 5: Tissue Protection and Regeneration Aided by Erythropoietin and Derivatives

  • Introduction

  • Erythropoietin and Its Receptor

  • Erythropoietin in the Vascular System and Kidney

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 6: Mast Cells in Kidney Regeneration

  • Introduction

  • Biology of Mast Cells

  • Model Systems

  • Role in Inflammation and Immune Regulation

  • Kidney Diseases and Regeneration

  • Positive Actions in Kidney Disease

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 7: Role of Macrophages in Renal Injury, Repair, and Regeneration

  • Introduction

  • Injury and Repair Mechanisms

  • Macrophage Phenotypes and Disease Models

  • Stimulation Methods and Alternative Sources

  • Therapeutic Potential and Current Limitations

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 8: T-cell Contribution to Kidney Injury and Regeneration – Focus on Regulatory T Cells

  • Overview of T Cells in Kidney Disease

  • Glomerulonephritis

  • Acute Kidney Injury

  • Kidney Transplantation

  • Conclusion

  • References

Part III – Stem Cells in Regenerative Processes

Chapter 9: Mesenchymal Stem Cells

  • Introduction

  • Amniotic Fluid and Bone Marrow-derived MSCs

  • Renal Repair and Mechanisms

  • Engraftment and Homing

  • Paracrine Actions and Microvesicles

  • Endogenous MSC Recruitment

  • Clinical Trials in Kidney Injury and Disease

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 10: Endothelial Progenitor Cells and the Kidney

  • Introduction

  • EPCs as Disease Indicators

  • Microvascular Remodeling

  • References

Chapter 11: Potential of the Side Population in Regenerative Nephrology

  • Definition and ABC Transporters

  • Role in Regeneration and Other Organs

  • Fusion vs Transdifferentiation

  • Cellular Heterogeneity and Origins

  • Gene Expression and Phenotype

  • Applications and Mechanisms

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 12: Very Small Embryonic-like Stem Cells and Kidney Homeostasis

  • Introduction and Developmental Overview

  • Isolation and Potential

  • Germline Origin Hypothesis

  • Molecular Regulation of Quiescence

  • Role in Disease and Cancer Stem Cell Debate

  • Broader Applications

  • References

Chapter 13: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

  • Introduction

  • Kidney Development and iPSC Generation

  • Reprogramming Mechanisms and Pluripotency

  • Disease Modeling and Toxicology

  • Future Directions

  • Regenerating Kidney Lineages

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 14: Methods of Isolation and Culture of Adult Stem Cells

  • Bone Marrow Stem Cells

  • Renal Progenitor Cells

  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells

  • Adipose-derived Pericytes

  • References

Part IV – Stem Cells: From the Niche to Repair

Chapter 15: Stem Cell Niche in the Kidney

  • Introduction

  • Adult Kidney Stem Cells

  • Ontogenesis and Niche Function

  • Aging and Disease States

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 16: Bioartificial Stem Cell Niches – Engineering a Regenerative Microenvironment

  • Introduction

  • Design Principles and Chemistry

  • Fabrication Techniques and Hydrogel Use

  • Cell Recruitment and Delivery

  • Scaffold-based Regeneration

  • Encapsulation of EPCs

  • References

Chapter 17: Imaging of Transplanted and Native Stem Cells

  • Introduction

  • Labeling and Imaging Modalities

  • Conclusion

  • References

Part V – Causes of Regenerative Failure

Chapter 18: Stem Cell Injury and Premature Senescence

  • Introduction

  • Mechanisms of Stem Cell Exhaustion

  • Impaired Function

  • Therapy Approaches

  • Artificial Niches for Delivery

  • References

Chapter 19: Regeneration and Aging – Role of Sirtuins and NAD+ Salvage Pathway

  • Introduction

  • Kidney Aging

  • Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

  • NAD+ and Cellular Health

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 20: Bone Marrow MSCs in Organ Repair – Strategies to Optimize Efficacy

  • Introduction

  • Participation in Renal Repair

  • Enhancing Therapeutic Effects

  • Conclusion

  • References

Part VI – Emerging Clinical Aspects of Stem Cell Therapy

Chapter 21: Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury with Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells

  • AKI: Clinical Background

  • Preclinical Evidence

  • Phase I Trials

  • Postoperative AKI Management

  • References

Chapter 22: Clinical Trials in Renal Regenerative Medicine

  • Trials in Other Disciplines

  • Ongoing Trials in Nephrology

  • Future Perspectives

  • References

Chapter 23: Potential Risks of Stem Cell Therapies

  • Introduction

  • Technical Caveats

  • Clinical Risks: Tumors, Ectopic Tissue

  • Alternative Concepts

  • Ethical and Human Factors

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 24: Tissue Engineering in Urology

  • Introduction

  • Core Components

  • Applications to Genitourinary Organs

  • Conclusion

  • References

Chapter 25: Ethics in Regenerative Medicine

  • Introduction

  • Ethical Alternatives

  • References

Chapter 26: Stem Cell Banking

  • Introduction

  • Donation, Collection, Processing, and Storage

  • References

Index

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