Schaum’s Outline of German Grammar 4th edition by Elke Gschossmann Hendershot, Lois Feuerle – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0071615679, 978-0071615679
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ISBN 10: 0071615679
ISBN 13: 978-0071615679
Author: Elke Gschossmann Hendershot, Lois Feuerle
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Schaum’s Outline of German Grammar 4th Table of contents:
Chapter 1 The Pronunciation of Italian
The Italian Alphabet and Its Sounds
Phonemes (with IPA Symbols)
Sounding out the Alphabet
Vowels
Single and double consonants
Stress (accento tonico) and accent marks
Diphthongs and triphthongs
Hiatus
Syllabication
Punctuation and Orthographic Marks
Chapter 2 Nouns and Articles
Nouns
Nouns ending in -o and -a
Plural forms
Nouns ending in -e
Nouns referring to human beings
Nouns referring to things
Feminine nouns
Forming the plural
Masculine nouns ending in -a
Feminine nouns ending in -o
Plural of nouns ending in -ca and -ga
Plural of masculine nouns ending in -co and -go
Plural of masculine nouns ending in -io
Nouns with two plurals (feminine and masculine) and two meanings
Masculine nouns with feminine plurals
Plural of feminine nouns ending in -cia and -gia
Plural of nouns ending in a stressed vowel
Plural of monosyllabic nouns
Irregular plural nouns
Masculine and feminine endings of the same noun
Foreign nouns
Compound nouns
Diminutives, augmentatives, and pejoratives
The Definite Article
With general and abstract nouns
With titles
With languages
With continents, countries, islands, regions, and cities
With nouns denoting family members preceded by possessive adjectives
With days of the week
With prepositions and contractions
Articulated prepositions
Feminine singular plural forms
Masculine plural forms
Feminine plural forms
The Indefinite Article
Special uses of the indefinite article
The Partitive
The partitive versus the definite article
Exception to the rule for using the partitive
After expressions of quantity with di
Chapter 3 Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives Ending in -o
Adjectives Ending in -e
Adjectives of Nationality
Adjectives Ending in -co, -ca, -go, -ga
Adjectives Ending in -cio, -cia, -gio, -gia
Irregular Adjectives of Color
Adjectives with Shortened Forms
Bello, Grande, Santo, Buono, and Nessuno
Titles Ending in -e
Formation of Nouns from Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives
With nouns denoting family members or relatives
Demonstrative Adjectives
Expressions Che! and Quanto!
Formation of Adverbs
Chapter 4 Comparatives and Superlatives
Comparatives
Comparative of equality with adjectives
Comparative of equality with nouns
Comparative of inequality
Relative Superlative of Adjectives
Absolute Superlative of Adjectives and Adverbs
Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives
Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives of Adverbs
Chapter 5 Numbers, Dates, and Time
Numbers
Cardinal numbers
Special use of Duecento, Trecento, etc
Ordinal numbers
Ordinal numbers with titles
Fractions
Dates
Days of the week
Months of the year
Seasons of the year
Time
Colloquial time
Official time
Chapter 6 Verbs
Moods and Tenses
Simple Tenses
Formal versus familiar forms
Subject pronouns
Present Indicative Tense (Presente Indicativo)
Regular first-conjugation verbs
Verbs in -ciare, -glare, -chiare, -ghiare
Verbs in -care and -gare
Regular second-conjugation verbs
Verbs ending in -cere
Regular third-conjugation verbs
Third-conjugation vote with -isc
Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs with -co
Verbs with -go
Verbs with -io
Other verbs with a vowel change in the root
Modal Verbs (Verbi Modali): Dovere, Potere, Volere
Avere and Essere
Special use of the Present Indicative and the Preposition da
Imperfect Indicative Tense (Imperfetto Indicativo)
Regular -are verbs
Regular -ere verbs
Regular -ire verbs
Irregular verbs
Trarre
Essere
Uses of the imperfect indicative tense
Special use of the imperfect indicative with preposition da
Preterite Tense (Passato Remoto)
Regular -are verbs
Regular -ere verbs
Regular -ire verbs
Irregular verbs in the preterite
Avere and Essere
Uses of the preterite
Differences between preterite and imperfect indicative
Two actions in one sentence
Future Tense (Futuro)
Regular -are verbs
Regular -ere verbs
Regular -ire verbs
Irregular verbs
Special uses of the future
Conditional Tense (Condizionale)
First-conjugation (-are) verbs
Second- and third-conjugation (-ere and -ire) verbs
Irregular verbs
Present Perfect or Conversational Past Tense (Passato Prossimo)
Regular past participles with avere
Irregular past participles
Passato prossimo of verbs conjugated with essere
Past participles conjugated with essere
Passato prossimo of modal verbs
Passato prossimo of reflexive verbs
Uses of the passato prossimo
Differences between the passato prossimo and the imperfect indicative
Uses of the present perfect (passato prossimo) and preterite (passato remoto)
Pluperfect Indicative Tense (Trapassato Prossimo)
Verbs using avere
Verbs using essere
Preterite Perfect Tense (Trapassato Remoto)
Future Perfect Tense (Futuro Anteriore)
Conditional Perfect Tense (Condizionale Passato)
Subjunctive (Congiuntivo)
Formation of the present subjunctive
Regular verbs
Irregular verbs
Uses of the present subjunctive
Present subjunctive in relative clauses
Replacing the present subjunctive with an infinitive construction
Present Perfect Subjunctive (Congiuntivo Passato)
Imperfect Subjunctive (Congiuntivo Imperfetto)
Formation of the imperfect subjunctive
Uses of the imperfect subjunctive
Pluperfect Subjunctive (Congiuntivo Trapassato)
Se clauses
Imperative (Imperativo)
Formal commands
Familiar commands
First-person commands
Gerund (Gerundio)
Past gerund
Progressive Tenses (Forma Durativa)
Present progressive
Imperfect progressive
Future of probability
Imperfect subjunctive
Reflexive Verbs (Verbi Riflessivi)
Compound tenses
Reciprocal reflexive
Reflexive versus non-reflexive
Uses of the Infinitive (Infinito)
The infinitive after prepositions
The infinitive as a noun
The infinitive as an indirect command
The infinitive after lasciare, vedere, and sentire
Fare in causative constructions
Passive Voice (Voce Passiva)
Passive voice with si
Chapter 7 Negative Words and Constructions
Making a Sentence Negative
Common Negative Expressions
Negation of Compound Tenses
Negative Infinitive Construction
Chapter 8 Interrogative Words and Constructions
Forming Questions in Italian
Interrogative Adverbs and Adverbial Expressions
Interrogative Pronouns che, chi
Interrogative Pronouns quale, quali
Interrogative Adjectives quale (-i), quanto (-a, -i, -e)
Chapter 9 Pronouns (Pronomi)
Subject Pronouns
Singular forms
Plural forms
Use of omission of subject pronouns
Direct Object Pronouns: lo (l’), la (l’), li, le
Formal You: La, Li, Le
Special use of the pronoun lo
Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns: mi, ti, ci, vi
Personal direct object pronouns in emphatic position
Indirect Object Pronouns: gli, le, loro
Formal Indirect Object Pronouns: Le, Loro
Ci as an adverb of place
Special meanings with ci
The Pronoun ne
Double object pronouns
Position of object pronouns
Special verbs with indirect objects
Reflexive Pronouns
Disjunctive Pronouns
Disjunctive pronouns after comparatives.
Indefinite Adjectives and Pronouns
Indefinite adjectives and pronouns in the singular
Indefinite adjectives in the plural
Possessive Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
Questo and quello
Relative Pronouns
Che
Cui
Il quale, la quale, i quali, le quali
Chi (colui che, colei che, coloro che)
Quello che, quel che, ciò che
Special use of cui
Ecco with Pronouns
Chapter 10 Prepositions (Preposizioni)
A, in, da, di
Definite articles with prepositions: contractions
A and di before an infinitive
Verbs followed directly by an infinitive
Chapter 11 Special Uses of Certain Verbs
Expressions with avere
Special Uses of dovere, potere, sapere, and volere
Dovere
Potere
Sapere
Volere
Expressions with fare
Giocare, suonare
Pensare a, pensare di
Servire, servirsi da, servirsi di
Tornare, restituire, riportare
Verb Charts
Answers
Glossaries: Italian-English
Glossaries: English-Italian
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