Solution manual for Snapshots An Introduction to Tourism 6th Canadian Edition by Norma Polovitz, Paula Kerr, William Murray ISBN 9780132605168 0132605163

Part 1 . Introduction to Tourism

1 Understanding Tourism

Key terms

Learning objectives

The Early Beginnings of Tourism

The Growth of Tourism over the Last 200 Years

Issues for Today and Tomorrow

Current State of the Tourism Industry

The Canadian Tourism Product: An Overview

Early Division of an Industry

The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS)

Accommodations

Food and Beverage

Recreation and Entertainment

Transportation

Travel Services

Understanding Tourism Terminology

Speaking the Same Language

The Growth of Specialty Tourism

Agritourism:

Ecotourism:

Culinary tourism:

LGBT Tourism:

Spa Tourism:

Medical Tourism:

Tourism Sector Associations and Organizations

International Organizations

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO):

World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC):

Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA):

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO):

International Air Transport Association (IATA):

Canadian Organizations and Associations

Canadian Tourism Commission (CTC): 

Canadian Tourism Human Resource Council (CTHRC):

Tourism Industry Association of Canada (TIAC):

Association of Canadian Travel Agents (ACTA):

Canadian Tourism Research Institute (CTRI):

Municipal Organizations

Reasons for the Growth of Tourism

2 Tourism Guests and Hosts

Key terms

Learning objectives

Guests: Customers of Tourism Products and Services

Purpose of Trip

The Business Guest

The Leisure Guest

Demographics

Psychographics

The Emerging Modern Traveller 

Why Travel?

Motivational Theories

The Barriers to Travel

The Tourism Host

Benefits of Tourism

Barriers to Tourism Acceptance

Tourism’s Impact on Cultures and Societies

The Federal Government and Tourism

A Crown Corporation: The Canadian Tourism Commission (CTC)

Vision

Mission

Strategic Objectives

A Crown Corporation: The National Capital Commission (NCC)

Training the Tourism Host

Human Resource Challenges, Issues, and Concerns

Tourism Education Councils (TECs)

Occupational Standards

The Emerit Program

Ethics and the Host

3 Planning, Developing, and Marketing a Destination

Key terms

Learning objectives

The Five Components of a Tourist Destination

The Life Cycle of a Destination

Planning for Tourism

Putting Plans into Action: Reflecting Back on the 2010 Vancouver WINTER Olympics

Step 1—Inventory

Step 2—Forecast Trends

Step 3—Develop a Vision, Mission Statement, Objectives, and Goals

Step 4—Study Alternative Plans of Action

Step 5—Select Preferred Alternative

Step 6—Develop a Strategy to Reach Goals

Step 7—Implement Plan

Step 8—Review, Evaluate, Revise, and Continue with Plans

Tourism Development

Integrated Development

Catalytic Development

Coattail Development

Six Key Factors to a Tourism Destination Area’s Success

What Slows Tourism Growth?

Understanding and Marketing the Unique Tourism Product

Tourism’s Elasticity of Demand

The First Four Ps of the Marketing Mix

Customer-Oriented Marketing

Part 2 . Components of Tourism

4 Transportation

Key terms

Learning objectives

Selecting a Mode of Transportation

Travel by Air

Air Travel from a Historical Point of View

Understanding Canada’s Air System

Understanding Air Terminology

Airports

Airport Components 

Airfares and Reservations

The International Air Transport System: How It Works

Airline Associations

ICAO 

Automobile and Recreational Vehicle Travel

Why RVers love their RVs15

The Car Rental Industry

Marketing Strategies 

Rail Travel

History of Train Travel in Canada

VIA Rail Accommodations 

Foreign Railways

Trains of the World

Orient Express 

The Maglev,

Motor Coach Travel

The Advantages of Motor Coach Travel

charter versus Tours

Categories of Tours

Marketing Bus Tours

Cruise Industry

The History of Cruising

Cruise Types

Sea Cruises 

River Cruises 

Lake Cruises and Ferries 

Charter Yachts, Sailboats, and Houseboats 

Cruise Line Marketing Strategies

Product 

Public Transportation

5 Accommodations

Key terms

Learning objectives

Lodging History and Trends

Making Guests with Disabilities Comfortable

Ownership and Organization

Private Ownership

Affiliations 

Referral Systems 

Corporate Chains

Franchise Chains

Management Contract

Hotel Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)

Organization and Functions

Administration 

Sales and Marketing 

Front Office and Guest Services 

Accounting 

Food and Beverage (F&B) 

Room Service 

Banquets and Catering 

Housekeeping 

Engineering 

Security 

Classifications within the Accommodations Industry

Location

Downtown 

Conference Hotels 

Suburban 

Airport 

Small Town/Country Hotels 

Highway 

Resort 

Purpose of Visit

Level of Service

Duration of Visit

Motels 

Other Lodging Options

Inns 

Spas 

Boutique Hotels 

Condominiums and Time-Shares 

Dude Ranches 

Bed and Breakfasts (B & Bs) 

Hostels 

Campgrounds 

Marketing the Accommodations Industry

Product

Price

Place

Promotion

Reservation Concepts 

6 Food and Beverage

Key terms

Learning objectives

History of the Food Service Industry

The Division in Food Service

Commercial Food Service

Haute Cuisine

Fine Dining

Dining

Limited Service Restaurants

Drinking Establishments 

Non-commercial Food Service

Restaurant Consumers

Tourism Sales Dependent Restaurants

Tourism Profit Dependent Restaurants

Resident Sales Dependent Restaurants

Marketing the Restaurant Business

Getting the Most from the Tourism Sector

Restaurant Ownership

Independents

Multi-Unit Corporate Restaurants

Franchises

Trends in the Food and Beverage Industry

Service 

Takeout 

Casual Dining 

Nutrition 

Allergy Awareness 

Legal Issues 

7 Recreation

Key terms

Learning objectives

Canada’s Attractions

Ownership

Cultural Attractions: Public and Non-Profit

Museums

Historic Sites

Heritage Tourism

Zoos and Aquariums

Attractions that Entertain: Private/Commercial

Theme Parks

Amusement Parks

Live Entertainment

Gaming

Shopping

8 Adventure Tourism and Outdoor Recreation

Key terms

Learning objectives

Parks and Crown Lands

Canada’s National Parks System

Mandates of Parks Canada

Management Plans of Parks Canada

Stressors

Major External and Internal Stressors Facing Canada’s Parks7

Provincial Parks Systems

Crown Lands

Adventure Tourism

Hard Adventure

Soft Adventure

Ecotourism

Risk Management

Outdoor Recreation

Winter Sports

Spring, Summer, and Fall Sports

Tourism’s Impact on the Environment

Balancing the Negative Environmental Impact

Canada’s Green Plan

9 Events

Key terms

Learning objectives

Events

Festivals

Fairs

Circuses

Hallmark Events

Fundraising Events

Civic Events

Spectator Sporting Events

Trade Shows

Conferences, Conventions, and Meetings

The Association Meeting Market

The Corporate Meeting Market

Difficulties in Sponsoring an Event

Managing Events

10 Travel Services

Key terms

Learning objectives

The History of Tours

Wholesaling

Tour Development

Tour Categories

Types of Tours

The Travel Counsellor’s Responsibility for Tours

Regulating the Tour Industry

The Advantages of Taking a Packaged Tour

The Disadvantages of Taking a Packaged Tour

Travel Agencies

Types of Travel Agencies

Agency Operations

Forms of Ownership

Regulating Travel Agencies

Marketing Travel Trade Products

Incentive Travel

How Incentive Companies Operate

11 Tourism Services

Key terms

Learning objectives

Government Agencies

Provincial Governments and Tourism

Municipal Governments and Tourism Associations

Tourism Information Centres

Tourism Associations and Organizations

Tourism Industry Association of Canada (TIAC)

Marketing Services

Canada’s National DMO—the CTC

Research and Consulting

Miscellaneous Services

Part 3 . The Future of Tourism

12 Challenges and the Future

Key terms

Learning objectives

Societal Changes that Affect Tourism

Ethics and Tourism

Issues of Concern in the Sector

Transportation 

The Role of Parks, Historic Sites, and Crown Lands 

The Evolving Role of Canada Customs and Immigration 

The Tax Issue 

Training of Tourism Workers 

Financing the Future of Tourism 

Aboriginal Tourism 

Terrorist Threats

Other Global Concerns

Climate Change

Cultural and Economic Concerns

Trends in the Tourism Sector

Tourism Challenges