The State of Public Administration Issues Challenges and Opportunities 1st edition by Donald Menzel, Jay White ISBN 0765625059 978-0765625052

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ISBN 10: 0765625059
ISBN 13: 978-0765625052
Author: Donald Menzel, Jay White

The trends and practices of public administration are ever changing and it is essential that they be appraised from time to time. Designed as a capstone survey of the field, The State of Public Administration focuses on leading edge issues, challenges, and opportunities that confront PA study and practice in the 21st Century.

The State of Public Administration Issues Challenges and Opportunities 1st Table of contents:

1 Public Administration Theory Which Side Are You On?

Theorizing in and for a Profession

The Meaning of Profession

The Meaning of Theory

The Purposes of Theorizing

Explaining

Interpreting

Criticizing

Axes of Reconciliation and Conflict

Varieties of Explanation

The Scope of Explanation

Explanations: Partial Theories

Explanations: Organizational Performance

Explanations: Government Performance

Varieties of Critical Interpretation

The Social Construction of Reality

What Is a “Problem” Requiring a Policy Response?

Can Policy Making Be More Democratic?

Public Administration Theory: A Heterodoxy

References

I The Profession

References

2 The Profession of Public Administration Promise, Problems, and Prospects

Promise

Problems

Prospects

Notes

References

3 Public Service Professionals The Legacy of Florence Nightingale, Mary Livermore, and Jane Addams

Reinterpreting the Past

Nightingale: Caring, Evidence-Based Hospital Reform

Putting It in Perspective

The U.S. Sanitary Commission

Inexperience Breeds Peril

Cooperative Women Serving the State

Women’s Role as Nurses

A New Reform Agenda

Putting It in Perspective

Urbanization and Industrialization

Jane Addams

Expanding Women’s Sphere: Social Claim

Scientific Attitude

Dignity of the Everyday

Sympathetic Understanding

Collaboration—Participatory Democracy

Embodiments of Emotional Labor

Contemporary Relevance

Conclusion

Note

References

4 Professional Associations and Public Administration Making a Difference?

The Association Arena in the United States

The Public Value of Professional Associations

Training and Development

Awards and Recognition

Research and Knowledge Creation

Certification and Standard Setting

Ethical Guidance and Codes of Conduct

Professional Networking and Career Development

Leadership Opportunities

Public Service Value Advocacy

Research on Professional Associations

Why We Join

Theories of the Underlying Function of Professional Associations in a Public Sector Context

Public Professional Associations as Regulatory Agents and Promulgators of Institutional Rules

Public Professional Associations as Sources of Ethical Standards

Public Professional Associations as Sources of Role Conflict or Culture Clash

Public Professional Associations as Sources of Hierarchical Conflict

Public Professional Associations as Institutions That Build Social Capital and Support Civic Connectedness

Strengthening Research on Associations

Further Directions for Research

The Impact of Professional Training and Education on Managerial Performance

Membership Behavior and Associational Activity in a Public Sector Context

Conclusion

Notes

References

5 Accreditation and Competencies in Education for Leadership in Public Service

The Emergence of Accreditation for U.S. Public Affairs, Administration, and Policy Programs

Accreditation, Program Diversity, and the Core Curriculum of the Twentieth Century

Accreditation and the Core Curriculum in the Twenty-First Century

Visions of Academic Leaders

Employer Expectations

The Literature on Public Service Education

Feedback from the Standards Review Process

Limits on Predicting the Future

Assessing Student Competency

Results and Implications of Changing the Accreditation Curriculum Standards

Challenges and Conclusions

Notes

References

6 Changing Dynamics of Administrative Leadership

Historical Background of Administrative Leadership Studies

Defining the Boundaries and the Evolving Context of Public Leadership

The Rise of the Postmodern Perspective in Leadership Studies

Discourse Theory

Complexity Theory

Integral Leadership

Network Theory and Collaborative Leadership

Major Activity in Leadership Studies

Distributed Leadership

Transformational Leadership

Ethics and Leadership

Methods

Leadership in Crisis Management

Biographical Case Studies

Trait and Competency Models

Integrated Models and Approaches to Leadership

Research Gaps, Weaknesses, and Concerns

Summary and Conclusion

Notes

References

7 Ethics and Integrity in Public Service Issues and Challenges

Ethics and Integrity Defined

Values and Principles

Behavior

Right and Wrong

Integrity

The Ethics Literature

Ethical Decision Making and Moral Development

Ethics Laws and Regulatory Agencies

Ethics and Organizational Performance

Ethics Management

The Ethical Environment

Ethics and Integrity in Action

Obstacles and Challenges

Becoming Ethically Competent

Ethical Reasoning

Future Directions

Acknowledgment

References

II Public Management Issues

8 Human Resources Management Current and Future Challenges

Affirmative Action

Labor Relations in the Public Sector

Performance Management

Succession Planning

The Need for Future Research

Conclusion

Notes

References

9 New Directions in Public Budgeting

Budgeting and Policy Development

New Budgeting Model

Budgeting As A Political Exercise

Expanding Budgeting Beyond Incremental Annual Costs

Budgeting and Entitlements

Coping with Entitlements

Achieving Budgetary Balance

Budgeting as a Dynamic Process

Increased and Dysfunctional Conflict

Sources of Conflict

Managing Conflict in the Budget Process

Looking Ahead

Notes

10 The Proxy-Partnership Governance Continuum Implications for Nonprofit Management

Foundational Elements of the Continuum

Value Added and Limitations of the Continuum Construct

The Continuum Construct

Governance by Proxy

Governance by Partnership

Locational Determinants

Locational Consequences

Persistent Uncertainty

Shifts in Information Availability and Exchange

Changes in Authority Shared and Discretion Permitted

Increases or Decreases in the Frequency and Intensity of Monitoring

Enhanced or Reduced Access to Bureaucratic Policy Making

Implications for Nonprofit Managers

Understanding the Complex Dynamics of Contemporary Governance

Building and Sustaining Strong Information Networks

Strengthening Political Acumen

Participating in Associations and Coalitions

Developing Useful Interpretive Frameworks

Maintaining or Restoring Equilibrium

Conclusion

Notes

References

11 The Pursuit of Accountability Promises, Problems, and Prospects

Promises

Problems

Multifunctionality

Polymorphism

Situatedness

Prospects

Accountability: Metaproblem of Modern Governance

Accountability: The Duality of Agency and Structure

Accountability: Middle-Range Theories

Methodology Diversity

Conclusion

References

12 Technology and Public Management Information Systems Where We Have Been and Where We are Going

Theoretical Frameworks

Adoption and Diffusion of New Technology

Models of Technological Change

Historical Trends in Information and Telecommunications Technology

Predictive Propositions for the Future Development of Information and Communication Technology in Government

Proposition 1 Trends Will Force Major Changes to the Information-Sharing Paradigm of the Public Sector

Proposition 2 Increased Transparency and Accountability Lead to Political Authority

Proposition 3 Increased Width and Breadth of Communication Channels for Public Participation and Inclusion

Proposition 4 Increased Use of Interorganizational Collaboration Tools Will Lead to Increased Lateral Communications and Resource Sharing

Proposition 5 Mission- and Target-Specific Information Sharing May Lead to Higher Effectiveness of Governmental Routines

Proposition 6 Information Overload Increases the Need for New Warranting Processes to Ensure Information Quality

Proposition 7 New Information-Sharing Possibilities Lead to Increased Volatility and the Need for More Specific Information Targeting

Conclusions

References

13 Emergency and Crisis Management Practice, Theory, and Profession

The Evolving Practice of Emergency Management

All Hazards

All Stakeholders

Phases of Emergency Management

The Emergency Management Profession

Emergency Management Policy Priorities

Lessons Learned

The Organization of Emergency Management

Emergency Management and Homeland Security

Research on Disaster Policy and Emergency Management

Building Public Administration Research Capacity

The Research Threads

The Future of Emergency and Crisis Management

References

III Networking and Partnerships

14 Federal Contracting Government’s Dependency on Private Contractors

Procurement: Bucks, Bureaucracies and Bureaucrats

Big Bucks: The Price of Procurement

Procuring Bureaucracies

Procurement’s Personnel: The Contracting Cadres

Philosophies of Federal Contracting

OMB Circular A-95

Identifying “Inherently Governmental Activities”

Identifying “Commercial” Activities

Costing Contracting Through Competitions

Have Competitions Worked?

The Demise of Public-Private Competitions?

Bidding: Rarely Open

Spinning the Revolving Door

Federal Service Contracts

Costly Consultants

The Shadow Government

Contracting In Incompetence

Corruption in Contracting

The Structure and Culture of Contracting Corruption

Coming Back for More

Why Does Washington Do It?

Reforming Federal Contracting

Early Efforts

The Mixed Record of the 1990s

Four Serious Statutes

Have the Statutes Worked?

Trying Reform Again: Frustrations in the 2000s

The Audacity of Hope? A Presidential Priority

Issues, Trends, and Needed Knowledge

References

15 Citizen-Driven Administration Civic Engagement in the United States

Citizens, Governance, and the Constitution

Citizen Engagement and Progressive Reform

Citizens and the Professional Administrative State

Citizen Engagement in the 1980s

From Government to Governance: Institutional Reforms for Civic Engagement

The Case of Los Angeles: A Grand Experiment in Institutional Reform

Governance and the Administrative State

From Techniques and Ad Hoc Projects to Citizen-Centered Civic Engagement

Deliberative Processes for Civic Engagement Institutions

1 America Speaks

2 Participatory Videography

3 Participatory Mapping

Conclusions

Notes

References

16 Network Theory and Practice in Public Administration Designing Resilience for Metropolitan Regions

Designing Resilience for Metropolitan Regions

Informal Networks

Network Theory and Debate

Changing the Information Infrastructure to Support Coordinated Action

The Emergence of Networks in Public Administration

Intelligent Networks

The Science of Networks

Networks and the Management of Large-Scale Sociotechnical Systems

Giscience

Sociotechnical Systems

Future Research

Conclusions

References

17 Collaborative Public Agencies in the Network Era

The Conductive Organization

The Conductive Public Agency

Leading-Edge Organizing: Metro’s Network Structure

Emergent Conductive Organization Features

Challenges in Managing Conductive Agencies

1 Executive Leadership in External Mobilization

2 Network Promotion

3 Brokering the Collaborative

4 Mutual Learning Models

5 Internal and External Organizing

6 Information Beyond the Walls

7 Conductive Public-Serving Staff

8 The Core Function of Building Communities

9 Knowledge Agencies

10 Conductive Electronic Communication

11 Assessing Conductivity’s Value Adding

Extending the Conductive Agenda

Conclusion

References

IV Governance and Reform

18 Historic Relevance Confronting Contemporary Obsolescence? Federalism, Intergovernmental Relations, and Intergovernmental Management

Public Administration and Federalism

Conceptual Scope and Significance

Intergovernmental Management

Top-Down IGM

Bottom-Up IGM

The Middle Way

Intergovernmental Relations

Federalism

What May Have been Missed: 1940–2000

Diverse Themes: 2001–7

The Contemporary Scene: are IGM, IGR, and FED Obsolete?

Propositions about FED, IGR, and IGM

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Notes

References

19 Neglected Aspects of Intergovernmental Relations and Federalism

Interstate Relations

Multistate Legal Action: Neglected Issue

Coordinated Initiatives: Neglected Issue

Cooperative Horizontal Federalism: Neglected Issue

State-Local Relations: Neglected Issue

Mandates

Inducements

Capacity Building

System Changing

Intermunicipal Relations

City-County Consolidations

Shared Services: Neglected Issue

Regional Economic Collaboration: Neglected Issue

Large-Scale Regional Collaboration: Neglected Issue

Special Purpose Authorities and Megaprojects: Neglected Issue

Internationalizing Federalism: Neglected Issue

Summary

References

20 Politics, Bureaucratic Dynamics, and Public Policy

The PPA Nexus: Conventional Perspectives on an Enduring Problematic

Separating Policy and Administration?

Putting Them Back Together Again in the Administrative State

The Quest to Recreate the Policy-Administration Dichotomy in an Era of Networked Governance

Some Other Roads Less Taken: the PPA Nexus and the new Institutionalism

Rational Choice Institutionalism

Sociological Institutionalism

Historical Institutionalism

Conclusion

References

21 Civil Service Reform Past as Prologue?

Civil Service and Public Management

State of Georgia

State of Florida

Diffusion to Other States

Personnel Board of Jefferson County, Alabama

Department of Homeland Security

Comparing the Cases

Conclusion: Past as Prologue?

Notes

References

22 Public Administration’s Legal Dimensions Three Models

Public Administration as a Field of Study and Law in the United States

The Madisonian Model: The Separation of Powers

Joint Custody of Federal Administration

Unitary Executive Branch Theory

The 1946 Legislative-Centered Model for Administrative Law

Administrative Law

Regulating Federal Agencies as Adjuncts of Congress for Legislative Functions

Supervising the Agencies

Interceding for Districts and Constituents

The Judicial Model for Infusing Constitutional Rights into Public Administrative Practice

Constitutional Rights in Administrative Encounters

The Future: The Perdurability of Public Administration’s Legal Dimensions

Notes

References

23 Governance in the Midst of Diversity Issues and Challenges

Diversity As A Concept in Governance

Race and Ethnicity

Gender Representativeness in Civil Service

Multiculturalism as Differences

Valuing Differences

Diversity as a Challenge for Governance

Citizenship Rights and Privileges of Same-Sex Couples

Same-Sex Differences in a Federal System

Global Complexities of Same-Sex Relationships

Multiracial as a Governance Issue

Generational Differences and Public Service

Human Talent Management

Diversity of Technology and Governance

Diversity of Services

Differences as Management Challenges

The Road Ahead

References

V International and Global Challenges

Note

24 New Public Management Lessons from Abroad

What is NPM?

Perspective 1 NPM as Ideology

Continuity over Time

Conviction Involving Faith and Believers

Conversion in Terms of Rhetoric

Perspective 2 NPM As Design and Implementation

Design

Implementation

Perspective 3 NPM as an Academic Research Field

NPM and Convergence?

Conclusions

References

25 Governance Issues in Concept and Practice

Fundamentals of a Governance System

1 Structure

2 Process

3 Outcomes

Governance: Definition, Significance, and Changing Context

Measurement and Indicators of Governance

1 The World Bank

2 United Nations Development Program

3 Transparency International

4 Freedom House Survey

5 Democratic and Nondemocratic Governance

Core Values of Governance

1 Good governance is ethical and accountable governance

2 Good governance creates trust and promotes broadly shared values, particularly accountability and sustained openness and transparency

3 Effective leadership is indispensable for establishing an overall framework of collective and strategic goals, interpretations, and shared values, both within government and across society

4 Governance is where rules and legal standards for orderly conduct and progressive social transformation are constructed

5 New and modified political and administrative forms and perspectives are displacing early models of organization and management, employing hierarchical, command-and- control paradigms

Conclusion

Notes

References

26 Development Management Renewal and Discovery in the Twenty-first Century

Origins

The Early Years

The Planning Framework

Criticism

The Planning Conundrum

A Technical Assistance Fix

The Current Framework and Development Realities

Development Management Toward the Twenty-First Century

Conclusion

Notes

References

27 The Crisis of Public Administration Theory in a Postglobal World

What is Theory?

Markets and Government

The Rise of Neoliberalism

Neoliberalism Public Administration

The Crisis of Neoliberal and Public Administration

Toward a Postglobal Theory of Public Administration

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