Test Bank for American Government and Politics Today Essentials 2017 2018 Edition 19th Edition by Barbara Bardes, Mack Shelley, Steffen Schmidt ISBN 1337091219 978-1337091213

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ISBN 10: 1337091219
ISBN 13: 978-1337091213
Author: Barbara Bardes, Mack Shelley, Steffen Schmidt 

AMERICAN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS TODAY: THE ESSENTIALS, 2017-2018 Edition, inspires you to join the exciting process of being active, informed citizens. Unbiased, concisely organized, and updated with Election 2016 coverage, the authors provide encouragement and suggestions for ways to become involved in the political process. MindTap, Cengage Learning’s fully online learning solution, is available and fully integrated with this text.

American Government and Politics Today Essentials 2017 2018 Edition 19th Table of contents:

1. The Democratic Republic

Politics and Government

Government Is Everywhere

Why Is Government Necessary?

Limiting Government Power

Authority and Legitimacy

Democracy and Other Forms of Government

Types of Government

Direct Democracy as a Model

The Dangers of Direct Democracy

A Democratic Republic

What Kind of Democracy Do We Have?

Fundamental Values

Liberty versus Order

Equality versus Liberty

The Proper Size of Government

Political Ideologies

Conservatism

Liberalism

The Traditional Political Spectrum

Problems with the Traditional Political Spectrum

A Four-Cornered Ideological Grid

One Nation, Divided

The Changing Face of America

The End of the Population Explosion

Ethnic Change in America

Are We Better Off?

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

2. The Constitution

The Colonial Background

Separatists, the Mayflower, and the Compact

More Colonies, More Government

British Restrictions and Colonial Reactions

The First Continental Congress

The Second Continental Congress

An Independent Confederation

The Resolution for Independence

July 4, 1776—The Declaration of Independence

The Rise of Republicanism

The Articles of Confederation: Our First Form of Government

The Constitutional Convention

Who Were the Delegates?

The Working Environment

Factions among the Delegates

Politicking and Compromises

Working toward Final Agreement

The Final Document

The Difficult Road to Ratification

The Federalists Push for Ratification

The March to the Finish

Did the Majority of Americans Support the Constitution?

The Bill of Rights

Altering the Constitution

The Formal Amendment Process

Informal Methods of Constitutional Change

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

3. Federalism

Federalism and Its Alternatives

A Unitary System

A Confederal System

A Federal System

Why Federalism?

Other Arguments for Federalism

Arguments against Federalism

The Constitutional Basis for American Federalism

Powers of the National Government

Powers of the State Governments

Prohibited Powers

Concurrent Powers

The Supremacy Clause

Interstate Relations

Defining Constitutional Powers—the Early Years

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

States’ Rights and the Resort to Civil War

The Continuing Dispute over the Division of Power

Dual Federalism

The New Deal and Cooperative Federalism

Methods of Implementing Cooperative Federalism

Fiscal Federalism and State Budgets

The Politics of Federalism

What Has National Authority Accomplished?

The “New Federalism”

The Politics of Federalism Today

Federalism and the Supreme Court

Recent Supreme Court Rulings

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

4. Civil Liberties

The Constitutional Bases of Our Liberties

Protections Listed in the Original Constitution

Extending the Bill of Rights to State Governments

Incorporation under the Fourteenth Amendment

Freedom of Religion

The Separation of Church and State—The Establishment Clause

The Free Exercise Clause

Freedom of Expression

No Prior Restraint

The Protection of Symbolic Speech

The Protection of Commercial Speech

Attempts to Ban Subversive or Advocacy Speech

The Eclipse of Obscenity as a Legal Category

Unprotected Speech: Slander

Student Speech

The Right to Assemble and to Petition the Government

Freedom of the Press

The Right to Privacy

Privacy Rights and Abortion

Privacy Rights and the “Right to Die”

Civil Liberties versus Security Issues

The USA Patriot Act

Roving Wiretaps

National Security Agency Surveillance

Recent Revelations of NSA Activity

National Security and the Civil Liberties of Immigrants

The Great Balancing Act: The Rights of the Accused versus the Rights of Society

Rights of the Accused

Extending the Rights of the Accused

The Exclusionary Rule

The Death Penalty

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

5. Civil Rights

The African American Experience and the Civil Rights Movement

Ending Servitude

The Ineffectiveness of the Early Civil Rights Laws

The End of the Separate-but-Equal Doctrine

De Jure and De Facto Segregation

The Civil Rights Movement

Modern Civil Rights Legislation

Consequences of Civil Rights Legislation

Civil Rights and the Courts

Standards for Judicial Review

The Courts Address Affirmative Action

Experiences of Other Minority Groups

Latinos and the Immigration Issue

The Agony of the American Indian

Asian Americans

Lingering Social and Economic Disparities

Women’s Struggle for Equal Rights

Early Women’s Political Movements

The Modern Women’s Movement

Women in Politics Today

Gender-Based Discrimination in the Workplace

The Rights and Status of Gay Males and Lesbians

Growth in the Gay Male and Lesbian Rights Movement

State and Local Laws Targeting Gay Men and Lesbians

Gay Men and Lesbians in the Military

Same-Sex Marriage

The Rights of Transgender Individuals

The Rights and Status of Juveniles

Voting Rights and the Young

The Rights of Children in Civil and Criminal Proceedings

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

6. Public Opinion and Political Socialization

Public Opinion and Political Socialization

Consensus and Divided Opinion

Forming Public Opinion: Political Socialization

The Media and Public Opinion

Political Events and Public Opinion

Political Preferences and Voting Behavior

Party Identification and Demographic Influences

Election-Specific Factors

Measuring Public Opinion

The History of Opinion Polls

Sampling Techniques

The Difficulty of Obtaining Accurate Results

Additional Problems with Polls

Technology and Opinion Polls

Public Opinion and the Political Process

Political Culture and Public Opinion

Public Opinion about Government

Public Opinion and Policymaking

A Policy Example: Contraception Insurance

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

7. Interest Groups

Interest Group Fundamentals

Interest Groups and Social Movements

Why Do Americans Join Interest Groups?

Types of Interest Groups

Economic Interest Groups

Environmental Groups

Public-Interest Groups

Other Interest Groups

The Influence of Interest Groups

What Makes an Interest Group Powerful?

Interest Groups and Representative Democracy

Interest Groups and the Political Parties

Interest Group Strategies

Direct Techniques

Indirect Techniques

Regulating Lobbyists

The Results of the 1946 Act

The Reforms of 1995

The Reforms of 2007

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

8. Political Parties

Political Parties in the United States

Functions of Political Parties in the United States

The Three Faces of a Party

The Party-in-the-Electorate

The Party Organization

The Party-in-Government

A History of Political Parties in the United States

The Formative Years: Federalists and Anti-Federalists

Democrats and Whigs

The Civil War Crisis

The Post–Civil War Period

The Progressive Interlude

The New Deal Era

An Era of Divided Government

The Two Major U.S. Parties Today

A Series of Wave Elections

The Parties’ Core Constituents

Divisions within the Parties

Cultural Politics and Party Loyalty

Why Has the Two-Party System Endured?

The Historical Foundations of the Two-Party System

Political Socialization and Practical Considerations

The Winner-Take-All Electoral System

State and Federal Laws Favoring the Two Parties

The Role of Minor Parties in U.S. Politics

Mechanisms of Political Change

Realignment

Dealignment

Tipping

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

9. Campaigns and Elections

The Twenty-First-Century Campaign

Who Is Eligible?

Who Runs?

Managing the Campaign

Financing the Campaign

The Evolution of the Campaign Finance System

The Current Campaign Finance Environment

Running for President: The Longest Campaign

Reforming the Presidential Primaries

The Invisible Primary

Primaries and Caucuses

Front-Loading the Primaries

On to the National Convention

The Electoral College

How Are Elections Conducted?

Office-Block and Party-Column Ballots

Voting by Mail

Voting Fraud and Voter ID Laws

Turning Out to Vote

Factors Influencing Who Votes

Legal Restrictions on Voting

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

10. The Media

The Roles of the Media

Entertaining the Public

Reporting the News

Identifying Public Problems

Socializing New Generations

Providing a Political Forum

Making Profits

Television versus the New Media

The Media and Political Campaigns

Television Coverage

The Internet, Blogging, and Podcasting

Government Regulation of the Media

Concentrated Ownership of the Media

Government Control of Content

The Issue of Net Neutrality

Opinion and Bias in the Media

Talk Radio

Bias in the Media

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

11. The Congress

The Nature and Functions of Congress

Bicameralism

The Lawmaking Function

The Representation Function

The Oversight Function

The Public-Education Function

The Conflict-Resolution Function

The Powers of Congress

House–Senate Differences and Congressional Perks

Size and Rules

Debate and Filibustering

Congresspersons and the Citizenry: A Comparison

Perks and Privileges

Congressional Elections and Apportionment

Candidates for Congressional Elections

Apportionment of the House

How Congress Is Organized

The Power of Committees

Types of Congressional Committees

The Selection of Committee Members

Leadership in the House

Leadership in the Senate

Lawmaking and Budgeting

How Much Will the Government Spend?

Congress Faces the Budget

Budget Resolutions and Crises

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

12. The President

Who Can Become President?

A “Natural Born Citizen”

Presidential Characteristics

The Process of Becoming President

The Many Roles of the President

Head of State

Chief Executive

Commander in Chief

Chief Diplomat

Chief Legislator

The President as Party Chief and Superpolitician

Presidential Powers

Emergency Powers

Executive Orders

Executive Privilege

Signing Statements

Abuses of Executive Power and Impeachment

The Executive Organization

The Cabinet

The Executive Office of the President

The Vice Presidency

The Vice President’s Job

Presidential Succession

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

13. The Bureaucracy

The Nature and Scope of the Federal Bureaucracy

Public and Private Bureaucracies

Models of Bureaucracy

The Size of the Bureaucracy

The Federal Budget

The Organization of the Federal Bureaucracy

Cabinet Departments

Independent Executive Agencies

Independent Regulatory Agencies

Government and Government-Controlled Corporations

Staffing the Bureaucracy

Political Appointees

History of the Federal Civil Service

Modern Attempts at Bureaucratic Reform

Sunshine Laws before and after 9/11

Privatization, or Contracting Out

Saving Costs through E-Government

Helping Out the Whistleblowers

Bureaucrats as Politicians and Policymakers

The Rulemaking Environment

Negotiated Rulemaking

Bureaucrats as Policymakers

Congressional Control of the Bureaucracy

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

14. The Courts

Sources of American Law

The Common Law Tradition

Constitutions

Statutes and Administrative Regulations

Case Law

The Federal Court System

Basic Judicial Requirements

Parties to Lawsuits

Procedural Rules

Types of Federal Courts

Federal Courts and the War on Terrorism

The Supreme Court at Work

Which Cases Reach the Supreme Court?

Court Procedures

Decisions and Opinions

The Selection of Federal Judges

Judicial Appointments

Policymaking and the Courts

Judicial Review

Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint

Strict versus Broad Construction

The Roberts Court

What Checks Our Courts?

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

15. Domestic and Economic Policy

The Policymaking Process: Health Care as an Example

Health Care: Agenda Building

Health Care: Policy Formulation

Health Care: Policy Adoption

Health Care: Policy Implementation

Health Care: Policy Evaluation

Immigration

The Issue of Unauthorized Immigration

The Immigration Debate

Crime in the Twenty-First Century

Crime in American History

The Prison Population Bomb

Energy and the Environment

Energy Independence—A Strategic Issue

Climate Change

The Politics of Economic Decision Making

Good Times, Bad Times

Fiscal Policy

Deficit Spending and the Public Debt

Monetary Policy

The Politics of Taxes

Federal Income Tax Rates

Loopholes and Lowered Taxes

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

16. Foreign Policy

Facing the World: Foreign and Defense Policies

National Security and Defense Policies

Diplomacy

Idealism versus Realism in Foreign Policy

Terrorism and Warfare

The Emergence of Terrorism

Wars in Iraq

Afghanistan

The Civil War in Syria and the Rise of ISIS

U.S. Diplomatic Efforts

Nuclear Weapons

The New Power: China

Israel and the Palestinians

Europe’s Economic Troubles

Who Makes Foreign Policy?

Constitutional Powers of the President

Other Sources of Foreign Policymaking

Congress Balances the Presidency

The Major Foreign Policy Themes

The Formative Years: Avoiding Entanglements

The Era of Internationalism

Superpower Relations

How You Can Make a Difference.

Key Terms

Chapter Summary

Additional Resources

Quiz

Appendix A. The Declaration of Independence

Appendix B. The Constitution of the United States

Appendix C. Federalist Papers, Nos. 10, 51, & 78

Appendix D. Justices of the United States Supreme Court since 1900

Appendix E. Party Control of Congress since 1904

Appendix F. Presidents of the United States

Glossary

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