Test Bank for Cities and Urban Life 7th Edition by John Macionis, Vincent Parrillo – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0137517017, 9780137517015
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ISBN 10: 0137517017
ISBN 13: 9780137517015
Author: John Macionis, Vincent Parrillo
Cities and Urban Life provides an introduction to the study of urban environments around the world. Using an approach that is multidisciplinary but fundamentally sociological, authors John Macionis and Vincent Parrillo help students see how cities have evolved over time, how cities reflect culture, and where the urban story may take us next. The inclusion of the latest data and research references throughout the seventh edition, as well as updated case studies on a variety of cities, ensures that students come away with an up-to-date understanding of contemporary urban life.
Test Bank for Cities and Urban Life 7th Table of contents:
Chapter 1 Exploring the City
Learning Objectives
1.1: Why Study the City?
1.2: Deciding What Is “Urban”
1.3: The Urban Transformation
1.3.1: Urbanization as a Process
1.3.2: Levels of Urbanization
Metropolitan Area
Micropolitan Area
Megaregion
Megacity
Global City
1.3.3: Urbanism as a Way of Life
1.4: The Complexity of the City Various Perspectives
1.4.1: The City in History
1.4.2: The Emergence of Urban Sociology
1.4.3: Geography and Spatial Perspectives
1.4.4: Critical Urban Theory: The City and Capitalism
1.4.5: Urban Places and Behavior
1.4.6: International Comparisons: The City and Culture
1.5: The Anatomy of Modern North American Cities
1.6: The City in Global Perspective
1.7: The Quality of City Life
Discussion Questions
Internet Activity
Chapter 2 Evolution of the World’s Cities
Learning Objectives
2.1: Urban Origins
2.1.1: Archaeology: Digging the Early City
2.1.2: The First Permanent Settlements
2.1.3: The City Emerges
Jericho
Catal Hüyük
2.2: City-States and Urban Empires
2.2.1: Mesopotamia and North Africa
Rise of Mesopotamian Cities
North African Cities
2.2.2: The Indus Region
2.2.3: China
2.2.4: The Americas
2.2.5: Summary: Traits of Early Cities
2.2.6: Crete and Greece
2.2.7: Rome
2.2.8: Decline: The Middle Ages
2.2.9: Revival: Medieval and Renaissance Cities
2.3: The Rise of Modern Cities
2.3.1: Case Study: London—The History of a World City
2.3.2: Beginnings: 55 b.c.e.–1066 c.e.
2.3.3: The Medieval City: 1066–1550
2.3.4: The World City Emerges: 1550–1800
2.3.5: Industrialization and Colonization: 1800–1900
2.3.6: The Modern Era: 1900 to the Present
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 3 Development of North American Cities
Learning Objectives
3.1: The Colonial Era, 1600–1800
3.1.1: Characteristics of Colonial Cities
3.1.2: The City-Instigated Revolutionary War
3.2: Growth and Expansion, 1800–1870
3.2.1: The Beginnings of Industrialization
3.2.2: Urban–Rural/ North–South Tensions
3.3: The Era of the Great Metropolis, 1870–1950
3.3.1: Technological Advance
3.3.2: Suburbs and the Gilded Age
3.3.3: The Great Migration
3.3.4: Politics and Problems
3.3.5: The Quality of Life in the New Metropolis
3.4: Today’s North American Cities
3.4.1: Decentralization
Economic Considerations.
Technology.
The Postwar Era: 1945–1970.
The Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Toronto Metropolitan Area.
Nonmetropolitan Areas.
3.4.2: The Sunbelt Expansion
3.5: The Evolution of Megaregions
3.5.1: Northeast Megaregion Assets
3.5.2: Sunbelt Problems
3.6: The Postindustrial City
3.6.1: Deterioration and Regeneration
3.6.2: The Future
3.6.3: The Human Cost of Economic Restructuring
3.6.4: Case Study: New York—The “Big Apple”
The Colonial Era
Growth and Expansion
The Great Metropolis Emerges
New York Today
Economic Resiliency
Upgrading the City
Changing Population
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 4 Today’s Cities and Suburbs
Learning Objectives
4.1: Urban and Suburban Sprawl
4.1.1: What Is Sprawl?
4.1.2: Why Do We Have Sprawl?
4.1.3: Consequences of Sprawl
Environmental Damage
Traffic Problems
Harm to Cities
Financial Costs
4.2: Smart Growth
4.2.1: Land Purchases
4.2.2: Urban Growth Boundaries
4.2.3: Revitalizing Existing Cities and Towns
4.2.4: Transit-Oriented Approaches
4.2.5: Greening Our Cities
4.3: Exurbs
4.4: The New Cities
4.4.1: Characteristics and Commonalities
4.4.2: Types of New Cities
4.4.3: Evolving Middle-Class Centers
4.4.4: Three New City Variations
New City as Motivator
New City as the Solution
New City as the Problem
4.5: Gated Communities
4.5.1: Types of Gated Communities
Lifestyle Communities
Prestige Communities
Security-Zone Communities
4.5.2: A Sense of Community
4.6: Common-Interest Developments
4.6.1: Case Study: Portland, Oregon
The Physical Setting
History
Urban Decline and Anti-Sprawl Planning
Portland Today
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 5 Urban Sociology Classic and Modern Statements
Learning Objectives
5.1: The European Tradition, 1846–1921
5.1.1: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: From Barbarism to Civilization
5.1.2: Ferdinand Tönnies: From Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft
Gemeinschaft
Gesellschaft
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft in History
5.1.3: Emile Durkheim: Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
Durkheim and Tönnies: A Comparison
5.1.4: Georg Simmel: The Mental Life of the Metropolis
The City’s Characteristics
The Individual’s Response
5.1.5: Max Weber: The Historical and Comparative Study of Cities
Die Stadt
The “Full Urban Community” in History
The City and Culture
5.1.6: The European Tradition: An Evaluation
Contributions
Limitations
5.2: Urban Sociology in North America, 1915–1970
5.2.1: Robert Park: Sociology at the University of Chicago
A Systematic Urban Sociology
Park’s Image of the City
Freedom and Tolerance in the City
5.2.2: Louis Wirth: Urban Theory
Population Size or Scale
Population Density
Heterogeneity
5.2.3: Herbert Gans: The Urban Mosaic
5.2.4: Wirth and Gans: A Comparison
5.2.5: Claude Fischer and Subcultural Theory
5.3: Classic Theories and Modern Research
5.3.1: Tolerance in the City
5.3.2: Impersonality in the City
5.3.3: Density and Urban Pathology
5.3.4: Urban Malaise
5.3.5: New Directions in Urban Sociology
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 6 Spatial Perspectives Making Sense of Space
Learning Objectives
6.1: Urban Geography
6.1.1: The Location of Cities
Houston
Miami
Salt Lake City
Vancouver
Washington, D.C.
6.1.2: Why Cities Are Where They Are
Environment
Economics
Social
6.2: The Shape of the City
6.2.1: The Radiocentric City
6.2.2: The Gridiron City
6.3: Urban Ecology
6.3.1: Concentric Zones
6.3.2: Sectors
6.3.3: Multiple Nuclei
6.3.4: Limitations
6.4: The Economics of Land Use
6.4.1: Central Place Theory
The Economic Advantages of Cities
The Urban Hierarchy
6.4.2: General Pattern of Land Use
The Case of the Inner-City Poor
6.4.3: Limitations
6.5: Social Area Analysis and Mapping
6.5.1: GIS Mapping
6.5.2: Limitations
6.6: The Los Angeles School Postmodernism
6.6.1: Building Blocks
6.6.2: Main Arguments
6.6.3: Limitations
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 7 Critical Urban Theory The City and Capitalism
Learning Objectives
7.1: Urban Political Economy
7.1.1: Redefining the Study of Cities
Two Circuits of Capital
Space as Part of Social Organization
The Role of Government
7.1.2: Urban Areas as Themed Environments
7.1.3: The Baltimore Study
7.1.4: Updating Marx
Welfare Capitalism
Modes of Development
7.1.5: Logan and Molotch: Urban Growth Machines
7.2: Evolution of a Global Economy
7.2.1: Deindustrialization
7.2.2: Economic Restructuring
7.2.3: World-Systems Analysis
The Hierarchy of Countries
The Role of Cities
7.2.4: Scott: City-Regions and the Global Economy
Third-Wave Cities
Spatial Integration
7.2.5: The Nested City
7.3: Critical Urban Theory Four Principles
7.4: The Urbanization of Poverty
7.4.1: The Developing World
7.4.2: The Developed World
Canada
United States
Europe
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 8 The Context of Cities The Urban Experience
Learning Objectives
8.1: The Physical Environment
8.1.1: The Image of the City
Building an Image
Common Elements of Images
The “Imagability” of Cities
8.1.2: Cognitive Mapping
The Individuality of Mental Maps
Multiple Urban Realities
8.2: The Social Environment Gesellschaft
8.2.1: The Pedestrian: Watching Your Step
8.2.2: A World of Strangers
Appearance and Location
Privatizing Public Space
8.2.3: The City as Gesellschaft: A Reassessment
8.3: The Social Environment Gemeinschaft
8.3.1: Urban Networks
Class Differences
Network Dynamics
Neighborhoods
Friendships
Scenes
Temporary Networks
8.3.2: Identifying with the City
8.3.3: The City as Gemeinschaft: A Reassessment
8.4: The Texture of the City
8.5: Humanizing the City
8.6: Social Movements and City Life
8.7: Suburban Life
8.7.1: The Stereotypes
8.7.2: The Physical Environment
8.7.3: The Social Environment
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 9 Comparative Urbanism The City and Culture
Learning Objectives
9.1: The City and the Countryside
9.1.1: Interdependencies
9.1.2: Urban Dominance
9.2: The City and Civilization
9.2.1: The “Soul” of the City
9.2.2: The City as the Center of Civilization
9.2.3: The Civic Culture of the City
9.3: The City and Societal Culture
9.3.1: Case Study: Ming Beijing
Physical Structure
Symbolism
9:3.2: Case Study: Hellenic Athens
The Preclassical Period
The Golden Age
Behind the Glory
9.3.3: Ming Beijing and Athens: A Comparison
9.4: The Culture of Capitalism and the City
9.4.1: The Capitalist City
9.4.2: The Industrial Revolution
9.4.3: Urban Life as Economics
9.4.4: Assets and Debits
9.4.5: Case Study: Communist–Capitalist Beijing
Urban Life as Politics
Economic Reform and Environmental Issues
A Rising Consumerism
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 10 Stratification and Social Class Urban and Suburban Lifestyles
Learning Objectives
10.1: Social Stratification
10.1.1: Social Class Distinctions
Upper Class
Middle Class
Working Class
Lower Class
10.1.2: Income Distribution Nationwide
10.1.3: Incomes within and Outside Cities
10.1.4: Wealth and Net Worth
10.1.5: Poverty Nationwide
10.1.6: Poverty within and Outside Cities
10.1.7: A Cautionary Note
10.2: Urban Social Class Diversity
10.2.1: Upper-Class Urban Neighborhoods
The Upper East Side
Other Elite Neighborhoods
10.2.2: Middle-Class Urban Neighborhoods
Chicago
Milwaukee
10.2.3: Working-Class Urban Neighborhoods
Newark’s Ironbound
Other Ethnic Villages
10.2.4: Mixed-Income Urban Neighborhoods
Grand Rapids
Toronto
10.2.5: Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods
Chicago
Los Angeles
10.2.6: The Homeless
10.3: Suburban Social Class Diversity
10.3.1: Upper-Income Suburbs
10.3.2: Middle-Income Suburbs
10.3.3: Working-Class Suburbs
10.3.4: Suburban Cosmopolitan Centers
10.3.5: Minority Suburbs
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 11 Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Urban Diversity
Learning Objectives
11.1: Cities and Immigrants
11.1.1: Ethnic Enclaves and Ethnic Identity
11.1.2: Ethnic Change
New York City
Los Angeles
11.2: Racial and Ethnic Minorities
11.2.1: Blacks
The Lure of the North
The Great Migration
Black Flight
Black Majority
Residential Segregation
The Disadvantaged
11.2.2: Asians and Pacific Islanders
Chinese
Filipinos
Asian Indians
Vietnamese
Japanese
Koreans
The “Model Minority” Stereotype
11.2.3: Hispanics
Cubans
Puerto Ricans
Mexican Americans
Central and South Americans
Residential Segregation
11.2.4: Muslims
11.2.5: Native Peoples
11.3: Women and Urban Life
11.3.1: Work
11.3.2: Urban Space
11.3.3: The Public Sphere
11.3.4: Case Study: Chicago, “City of the Big Shoulders”
Early Chicago
The Burning and Rebuilding of Chicago
Jane Addams and Hull House
Immigrant Aid
Social Activism
Early Feminism
Chicago in the Early Twentieth Century
The Postwar Period
The Chicago Machine
Ordered Segmentation
Chicago Today
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 12 Housing, Education, Crime Confronting Urban Problems
Learning Objectives
12.1: Housing A Place to Live
12.1.1: Adequate Housing: Who Has It?
12.1.2: Housing Problems: A Brief History
A New Deal
Postwar Programs
12.1.3: Public Housing
Different Approaches
Evaluation
12.1.4: Deterioration and Abandonment in the Inner City
12.1.5: The Great Recession and Foreclosures
12.1.6: The Inner City Today: A Revival?
Urban Homesteading
Gentrification
12.1.7: The New Urbanism
Columbia Point/Harbor Point
Water as an Amenity
12.1.8: Hope VI Program
Replacing High-Rises
Limitations
A Comparison
12.2: Education The Urban Challenge
12.2.1: Meeting the “No Child Left Behind” Challenge
Learning Outcomes
Language Proficiency
Environment
Funding
Political Clout
12.2.2: Magnet Schools
12.2.3: School Vouchers
12.2.4: Charter Schools
12.3: Crime Perception and Reality
12.3.1: Public Perception of Crime
Crime and City Size
The Race Issue
12.3.2: Explaining High-Crime Areas
Cultural Patterns
Lower Intelligence
Persistent Racial Inequality and Poverty
Residential Segregation
12.3.3: Effects of Crime on Everyday Life
12.3.4: What Is the Solution?
Physical Design
Community Involvement
Get Tough
Community Policing
Strategic Policing
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 13 Global Urbanization
Learning Objectives
13.1: African Cities
13.1.1: Early Cities
13.1.2: European Dominance
13.1.3: Modern Cities
Cairo
Lagos
13.2: Asian Cities
13.2.1: China
Guangzhou
Hong Kong
13.2.2: India
Kolkata
Mumbai
13.2.3: Japan
Tokyo
13.2.4: Southeast Asia
Singapore
Jakarta
Bangkok
13.3: Latin American Cities
13.3.1: European Dominance
13.3.2: Modern Cities
Mexico City
Rio de Janeiro
13.4: Middle Eastern Cities
13.4.1: Early Islamic Cities
13.4.2: Modern Cities
Abu Dhabi
Dubai
13.5: Common Problems
13.5.1: Spiraling Populations
13.5.2: Quality of Life
13.5.3: Environment
13.5.4: Shantytowns
13.6: European Cities
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Internet Activities
Chapter 14 Urban Planning Past, Present, and Future
Learning Objectives
14.1: Past Visions
14.1.1: Why Plan?
14.1.2: Garden Cities
14.1.3: The “City Beautiful” Movement
14.2: The New Towns Movement
14.2.1: British New Towns
14.2.2: New Towns Worldwide
Sweden
Australia
Brazil
14.2.3: New Towns in North America
Radburn
Greenbelt Towns
Reston
Columbia
Irvine
Celebration
Erin Mills, Ontario
14.2.4: What Makes New Towns Succeed or Fail?
14.3: Twentieth-Century Large-Scale Visions
14.3.1: The Radiant City
14.3.2: Broadacre City
14.3.3: The Arcology
14.3.4: Try-2004
14.3.5: Utopia’s Limitations
14.4: Twentieth-Century Small-Scale Visions
14.4.1: Sidewalks and Neighborhoods
14.4.2: Squares and Parks
14.4.3: Placemaking
14.4.4: Festival Marketplaces
14.5: The Future of Cities
14.5.1: Possibilities
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