Test Bank for Clinical Immunology and Serology A Laboratory Perspective 3rd Edition by Christine Dorresteyn Stevens – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0803624107, 9780803624108
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ISBN 10: 0803624107
ISBN 13: 9780803624108
Author: Christine Dorresteyn Stevens
Clinical immunology and serology made clear! This practical introduction to clinical immunology covers all of the essential theoretical principles and the serology techniques most commonly used in the laboratory. The 3rd Edition is completely updated throughout, including new chapters on automated assays and immune response to bacterial infections, and expanded chapters on fungal and parasitic infections and molecular techniques. Easy-to-read, student-friendly sections focus on the direct application of theory to clinical laboratory practice. Case studies make topics more relevant and help to explain the “big picture.” Full-color slides illustrate what to expect in the lab and show the relationship between immunology and hematology. Additional resources for students and instructors are available online at DavisPlus.
Test Bank for Clinical Immunology and Serology A Laboratory Perspective 3rd Table of contents:
Section 1. Nature of the Immune System
Chapter 1. Introduction and Natural Immunity
And Immunization
Versus Humoral Immunity
External Defense System
Internal Defense System
Acute-Phase Reactants
Cellular Defense Mechanisms
Phagocytosis
Inflammation
Summary
Chapter 2. The Lymphoid System
Primary Lymphoid Organs
Bone Marrow
Thymus
Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Spleen
Lymph Nodes
Other Secondary Organs
Surface Markers On Lymphocytes
Stages In B-Cell Differentiation
Pro-B Cells
Pre-B Cells
Immature B Cells
Mature B Cells
Activated B Cells
Plasma Cells
T-Cell Differentiation
Double-Negative Stage
Double-Positive Stage
Mature T Cells
Antigen Activation
Third Population Or Natural Killer Cells
Mechanism of Cytotoxicity
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
Laboratory Identification Of Lymphocytes
Manual Method
Summary
Chapter 3. Nature of Antigens and the Major Histocompatibility Complex
Factors Influencing The Immune Response
Traits Of Immunogens
Nature Of Epitopes
Haptens
Relationship Of Antigens To The Host
Adjuvants
Major Histocompatibility Complex
Genes Coding for MHC Molecules (HLA Antigens)
Structure of Class I Molecules
Structure of Class Ii Molecules
Role of Class I Molecules
Role of Class Ii Molecules
Clinical Significance of Mh
Summary
Chapter 4. Antibody Structure and Function
Tetrapeptide Structure Of Immunoglobulins
Cleavage with Papain
Pepsin Digestion
The Nature Of Light Chains
Heavy Chain Sequencing
Hinge Region
Three-Dimensional Structure Of Antibodies
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE
Antibody Diversity
Ehrlich’s Side-Chain Theory
Clonal Selection
Genes Coding For Immunoglobulins
Rearrangement of Heavy Chain Genes
Light Chain Rearrangement
Monoclonal Antibody
Hybridoma Production
Selection of Specific Antibody-Producing Clones
Clinical Applications
Summary
Chapter 5. Cytokines
Introduction To Cytokines
Cytokines In The Innate Immune Response
Interleukin-1 (Il-1)
Tumor Necrosis Factor-
Il-6
Chemokines
Tgf-ß
Ifn-a and Ifn-ß
Cytokines In The Adaptive Immune Response
Th1 Cytokines
Th2 Cytokines
Cytokines Associated with T Regulatory Cells
Erythropoietin And Colony Stimulating Factors
Cytokines And Anticytokine Therapies
Clinical Assays For Cytokines
Summary
Chapter 6. Complement System
The Classical Pathway
Recognition Unit
Activation Unit
The Membrane Attack Complex
The Alternative Pathway
The Lectin Pathway
System Controls
Regulation of the Classical and Lectin Pathways
Regulation of the Alternative Pathway
Regulation of Terminal Components
Complement Receptors And Their Biological Roles
Biological Manifestations Of Complement Activation
Complement And Disease States
Complement Deficiencies
Major Pathway Components
Regulatory Factor Components
Laboratory Detection Of Complement Abnormalities
Immunologic Assays of Individual Components
Assays for the Classical Pathway
Alternative Pathway Assays
Interpretation of Laboratory Findings
Complement Fixation Testing
Summary
Section 2. Basic Immunological Procedures
Chapter 7. Safety and Specimen Preparation
Biological Hazards
Handwashing
Personal Protective Equipment
Procedure Precautions
Biological Waste Disposal
Transporting Patient Specimens
Sharps Hazards
Government Regulations
Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
Chemical Hazards
General Precautions
Material Safety Data Sheets
Chemical Hygiene Plan
Chemical Waste Disposal
Radioactive Hazards
General Precautions
Radioactive Waste Disposal
Serological Testing
Specimen Preparation and Processing
Simple Dilutions
Compound Dilutions
Summary
Chapter 8. Precipitation Reactions
Antigen–Antibody Binding
Affinity
Avidity
Law of Mass Action
Precipitation Curve
Zone of Equivalence
Prozone and Postzone
Measurement Of Precipitation By Light Scattering
Turbidimetry
Nephelometry
Passive Immunodiffusion Techniques
Radial Immunodiffusion
Ouchterlony Double Diffusion
Electrophoretic Techniques
Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis
Immunoelectrophoresis
Immunofixation Electophoresis
Sources of Error in Electrophoresis
Comparison Of Precipitation Techniques
Summary
Chapter 9. Agglutination
Steps In Agglutination
Sensitization
Lattice Formation
Enhancement of Lattice Formation
Types Of Agglutination Reactions
Direct Agglutination
Passive Agglutination
Reverse Passive Agglutination
Agglutination Inhibition
Coagglutination
Antiglobulin-Mediated Agglutination
Direct Antiglobulin Test
Indirect Antiglobulin Test
Instrumentation
Quality Control And Quality Assurance
Summary
Chapter 10. Labeled Immunoassays
Characteristics Of Labeled Assays
Competitive versus Noncompetitive Assays
Antibodies
Standards or Calibrators
Separation Methods
Detection of the Label
Quality Control
Radioimmunoassay
Competitive Binding Assays
Advantages and Disadvantages of Radioimmunoassay
Enzyme Immunoassay
Heterogeneous Enzyme Immunoassay
Rapid Immunoassays
Homogeneous Enzyme Immunoassay
Advantages and Disadvantages of Enzyme Immunoassay
Fluorescent Immunoassay
Direct Immunofluoescent Assays
Indirect Immunofluoescent Assays
Other Fluorescent Immunoassays
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fluorescent Immunoassay
Chemiluminescent Immunoassays
Principle of Chemiluminescence
Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemiluminescent Assays
Summary
Chapter 11. Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
Characteristics Of Nucleic Acids
Composition of DNA and RNA
Replication of DNA
Types of RNA
Hybridization Techniques
Solid Support Hybridization
Solution Hybridization
In Situ Hybridization
DNA Chip Technology
Drawbacks of Hybridization Techniques
DNA Sequencing
Target Amplification
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Transcription-Based Amplification
Strand Displacement Amplification (SDA)
Probe Amplification
Signal Amplification
Drawbacks Of Amplification Systems
Future Of Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
Summary
Chapter 12. Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation
Cell Flow Cytometry
Principle
Instrumentation
Data Acquisition and Analysis
Sample Preparation
Clinical Applications
Immunoassay Automation
Validation
Summary
Section 3. Immune Disorders
Chapter 13. Hypersensitivity
Type I Hypersensitivity
Triggering of Type I Reactions by IgE
Role of Mast Cells and Basophils
Mediators Released from Granules
Clinical Manifestations of Immediate Hypersensitivity
Treatment of Immediate Hypersensitivity
Testing for Immediate Hypersensitivity
Type II Hypersensitivity
Transfusion Reactions
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Type II Reactions Involving Tissue Antigens
Testing for Type Ii Hypersensitivity
Type III Hypersensitivity
Arthus Reaction
Serum Sickness
Autoimmune Diseases
Testing for Type Iii Hypersensitivity
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Contact Dermatitis
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Tuberculin-Type Hypersensitivity
Testing for Delayed Hypersensitivity
Summary
Chapter 14. Autoimmunity
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Clinical Signs
Immunologic Findings
Laboratory Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Clinical Signs
Immunologic Findings
Laboratory Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Treatment
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Genetic Predisposition
Clinical Signs and Immunologic Findings for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Clinical Signs and Immunologic Findings for Graves’ Disease
Laboratory Testing for Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Treatment for Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Immunopathology
Laboratory Testing
Treatment
Other Diseases
Multiple Sclerosis
Myasthenia Gravis
Goodpasture’s Syndrome
Summary
Chapter 15. Immunoproliferative Diseases
Concepts Of Malignant Transformation
Lymphomas
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Lymphoblastic Leukemias
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia/Lymphoma
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Multiple Myeloma
Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
Role Of The Laboratory In Evaluating Immunoproliferative Diseases
Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry
Evaluation of Immunoglobulins
Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Immunofixation Electophoresis
Evaluation of Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Summary
Chapter 16. Immunodeficiency Diseases
Immunodeficiency Diseases
General Observations
Deficiencies of the B-Cell System (Agammaglobulinemias)
of Cellular Immunity
Deficiencies of Cellular and Humoral Immunity
Defects of Neutrophil Function
Complement Deficiencies
Laboratory Evaluation Of Immune Dysfunction
Screening Tests
Confirmatory Tests
Evaluation of Immunoglobulins
Bone Marrow Biopsy
Summary
Chapter 17. Transplantation Immunology
Introduction
Histocompatibility Systems
Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
MIC Antigens
ABO Blood Group Antigens
Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors
Allorecognition
Transplant Rejection
Hyperacute Rejection
Acute Cellular Rejection
Chronic Rejection
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Immunosuppressive Agents
Corticosteroids
Antimetabolic Agents
Calcineurin Inhibitors
Monoclonal Antibodies
Polyclonal Antibodies
Clinical Histocompatibility Testing
HLA Typing
HLA Phenotyping
HLA Genotyping
HLA Antibody Screening and Identification
Summary
Chapter 18. Tumor Immunology
Introduction And Description Of Tumors
Immunosurveillance
Tumor-Associated Antigens
Principles Of Lab Tests For Screening, Diagnosing, And Managing Tumors
Lab Tests For Tumor Marker Detection
Immunotherapy
Passive Immunotherapy
Active Immunotherapy
Summary
Section 4. Serological Diagnosis of Infectious Disease
Chapter 19. Serological and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections
Immune Defenses Against Bacterial Infections And Mechanisms Of Evasion
Group A Streptococci
Clinical Manifestations of Group A Streptococcal Infection
Detection of Group A Streptococcal Antigens
Detection of Streptococcal Antibodies
Helicobacter Pylori
Characteristics of Helicobacter Pylori Infections
Antigen-Detection Procedures
Detection of Helicobacter Pylori Antibodies
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Characteristics of Mycoplasma Infection
Detection of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae by Culture
Detection of Antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Molecular Techniques
Rickettsial Infections
Characteristics of Rickettsial Infections
Serological Diagnosis
Molecular Techniques
Summary
Chapter 20. Serological Response to Parasitic and Fungal Infections
Parasitic Immunology
Evasion of Host Defenses
Immunologic Response to Parasites
Serology in Protozoan Diseases
Helminth Infections
Limitations of Parasitic Serology
Fungal Immunology
Characteristics of Fungi
Mycotic Infections (Mycoses)
Immune Response to Fungi
Serology in Mycotic Diseases
Molecular Testing
Summary
Chapter 21. Spirochete Diseases
Syphilis
Characteristics of the Organism
Mode of Transmission
Stages of the Disease
Congenital Syphilis
Nature of the Immune Response
Laboratory Diagnosis
Treatment
Lyme Disease
Characteristics of the Organism
Stages of the Disease
Nature of the Immune Response
Laboratory Diagnosis
Treatment
Summary
Chapter 22. Serology and Molecular Detection of Viral Infections
Immune Defenses Against Viral Infections And Viral Escape Mechanisms
Laboratory Testing For Viral Infections
Hepatitis
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis C
Viruses with Uncertain Association with Hepatitis
Herpes Virus Infections
Epstein-Barr Virus
Cytomegalovirus
Varicella-Zoster Virus
Viral Infections Of Childhood
Rubella
Rubeola
Mumps
Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses
Other Viral Infections
Summary
Chapter 23. Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection
HIV Transmission
Characteristics Of HIV Composition of the Virus
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