Test Bank for Developmental Psychology Childhood and Adolescence 9th Edition by David Shaffer, Katherine Kipp ISBN 1111834520 978-1111834524

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ISBN 10: 1111834520
ISBN 13: 978-1111834524
Author: David Shaffer, Katherine Kipp 

This popular, topically organized, and thoroughly updated child and adolescent development text presents you with the best theories, research, and practical advice that developmentalists have to offer today. Authors David R. Shaffer and Katherine Kipp provide you with a current and comprehensive overview of child and adolescent development, written in clear, concise language that talks “to” you rather than “at” you. The authors also focus on application showing how theories and research apply to real-life settings. As a result, you will gain an understanding of developmental principles that will help you in your roles as parents, teachers, nurses, day-care workers, pediatricians, psychologists, or in any other capacity by which you may one day influence the lives of developing persons. Available with InfoTrac Student Collections http://gocengage.com/infotrac.

Developmental Psychology Childhood and Adolescence 9th Table of contents:

Part I. Introduction to Developmental Psychology

Chapter 1. Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Introduction to Developmental Psychology

What Is Development?

Research Strategies: Basic Methods and Designs

Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development

Detecting Relationships: Correlational, Experimental, and Cross-Cultural Designs

Research Strategies and Studying Development

Research Designs for Studying Development

Ethical Considerations in Developmental Research

Themes in the Study of Human Development

The Nature/Nurture Theme

The Active/Passive Theme

The Continuity/Discontinuity Issue

The Holistic Nature of Development Theme

Summary

Chapter 1 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Part II. Biological Foundations of Development

Chapter 2. Hereditary Influences on Development

Principles of Hereditary Transmission

The Genetic Material

Growth of the Zygote and Production of Body Cells

The Germ (or Sex) Cells

Multiple Births

Male or Female?

What Do Genes Do?

How Are Genes Expressed?

Hereditary Disorders

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Genetic Abnormalities

Predicting, Detecting, and Treating Hereditary Disorders

Detecting Hereditary Disorders

Treating Hereditary Disorders

Hereditary Influences on Behavior

Behavioral Genetics

Theories of Heredity and Environment Interactions in Development

Contributions and Criticisms of the Behavioral Genetics Approach

The Ethological and Evolutionary Viewpoints

Assumptions of Classical Ethology

Ethology and Human Development

Modern Evolutionary Theory

Contributions and Criticisms of Ethological and Evolutionary Viewpoints

Applying Developmental Themes to Hereditary Influences on Development

Summary

Chapter 2 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Chapter 3. Prenatal Development and Birth

From Conception to Birth

The Period of the Zygote

The Period of the Embryo

The Period of the Fetus

Potential Problems in Prenatal Development

Teratogens

Characteristics of the Pregnant Woman

Prevention of Birth Defects

Birth and the Perinatal Environment

The Birth Process

The Baby’s Experience

Labor and Delivery Medications

The Social Environment Surrounding Birth

Potential Problems at Birth

Anoxia

Prematurity and Low Birth Weight

Reproductive Risk and Capacity for Recovery

Applying Developmental Themes to Prenatal Development and Birth

Summary

Chapter 3 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Chapter 4. Infancy

The Newborn’s Readiness for Life

Newborn Reflexes

Infant States

Developmental Changes in Infant States

Research Methods Used to Study the Infant’s Sensory and Perceptual Experiences

The Preference Method

The Habituation Method

The Method of Evoked Potentials

The High-Amplitude Sucking Method

Infant Sensory Capabilities

Hearing

Taste and Smell

Touch, Temperature, and Pain

Vision

Visual Perception in Infancy

Perception of Patterns and Forms

Perception of Three-Dimensional Space

Intermodal Perception

Are the Senses Integrated at Birth?

Development of Intermodal Perception

Explaining Intermodal Perception

Cultural Influences on Infant Perception

Basic Learning Processes in Infancy

Habituation: Early Evidence of Information Processing and Memory

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Newborn Imitation or Observational Learning

Applying Developmental Themes to Infant Development, Perception, and Learning

Summary

Chapter 4 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Chapter 5. Physical Development: The Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development

An Overview of Maturation and Growth

Changes in Height and Weight

Changes in Body Proportions

Skeletal Development

Muscular Development

Variations in Physical Development

Development of the Brain

Neural Development and Plasticity

Brain Differentiation and Growth

Motor Development

Basic Trends in Locomotor Development

Fine Motor Development

Psychological Implications of Early Motor Development

Beyond Infancy: Motor Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Puberty: The Physical Transition from Child to Adult

The Adolescent Growth Spurt

Sexual Maturation

Causes and Correlates of Physical Development

Biological Mechanisms

Environmental Influences

Applying Developmental Themes to Physical Development

Summary

Chapter 5 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Part III. Cognitive Development

Chapter 6. Cognitive Development: Piaget’s Theory and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Viewpoint

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

What Is Intelligence?

How We Gain Knowledge: Cognitive Schemes and Cognitive Processes

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

The Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 Years)

The Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 Years) and the Emergence of Symbolic Thought

The Concrete-Operational Stage (7 to 11 Years)

The Formal-Operational Stage (11 to 12 Years and Beyond)

An Evaluation of Piaget’s Theory

Piaget’s Contributions

Challenges to Piaget

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Perspective

The Role of Culture in Intellectual Development

The Social Origins of Early Cognitive Competencies and the Zone of Proximal Development

Implications for Education

The Role of Language in Cognitive Development

Vygotsky in Perspective: Summary and Evaluation

Applying Developmental Themes to Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s Theories

Summary

Chapter 6 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Chapter 7. Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives

The Multistore Model

Development of the Multistore Model

Developmental Differences in “Hardware”: Information-Processing Capacity

Developmental Differences in “Software”: Strategies and What Children Know About “Thinking”

Development of Attention

Development of Memory: Retaining and Retrieving Information

The Development of Event and Autobiographical Memory

The Development of Memory Strategies

Development of Other Cognitive Skills

Analogical Reasoning

Arithmetic Skills

Evaluating the Information-Processing Perspective

Applying Developmental Themes to Information-Processing Perspectives

Summary

Chapter 7 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Chapter 8. Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

What Is Intelligence?

Psychometric Views of Intelligence

A Modern Information-Processing Viewpoint

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

How Is Intelligence Measured?

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

The Wechsler Scales

Group Tests of Mental Performance

Newer Approaches to Intelligence Testing

Assessing Infant Intelligence

Stability of IQ in Childhood and Adolescence

What Do Intelligence Tests Predict?

IQ as a Predictor of Scholastic Achievement

IQ as a Predictor of Vocational Outcomes

IQ as a Predictor of Health, Adjustment, and Life Satisfaction

Factors That Influence IQ Scores

The Evidence for Heredity

The Evidence for Environment

The Evidence for the Transaction of Heredity and Environment

Social and Cultural Influences on Intellectual Performance

Social-Class and Ethnic Differences in IQ

Improving Cognitive Performance Through Compensatory Education

Long-Term Follow-Ups

The Importance of Parental Involvement

The Importance of Intervening Early

Creativity and Special Talents

What Is Creativity?

Applying Developmental Themes to Intelligence and Creativity

Summary

Chapter 8 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Chapter 9. Development of Language and Communication Skills

Five Components of Language

Phonology

Morphology

Semantics

Syntax

Pragmatics

Theories of Language Development

The Learning (or Empiricist) Perspective

The Nativist Perspective

The Interactionist Perspective

The Prelinguistic Period: Before Language

Early Reactions to Speech

The Importance of Intonational Cues

Producing Sounds: The Infant’s Prelinguistic Vocalizations

What Do Prelinguistic Infants Know about Language and Communication?

The Holophrase Period: One Word at a Time

Early Semantics: Building a Vocabulary

Attaching Meaning to Words

When a Word Is More Than a Word

The Telegraphic Period: From Holophrases to Simple Sentences

A Semantic Analysis of Telegraphic Speech

The Pragmatics of Early Speech

Language Learning during the Preschool Period

Development of Grammatical Morphemes

Mastering Transformational Rules

Semantic Development

Development of Pragmatics and Communication Skills

Language Learning During Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Later Syntactic Development

Semantics and Metalinguistic Awareness

Further Development of Communication Skills

Bilingualism: Challenges and Consequences of Learning Two Languages

Applying Developmental Themes to Language Acquisition

Summary

Chapter 9 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Part IV. Social and Personality Development

Chapter 10. Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Emotional Development

Displaying Emotions: The Development (and Control) of Emotional Expressions

Recognizing and Interpreting Emotions

Emotions and Early Social Development

Temperament and Development

Hereditary and Environmental Influences on Temperament

Stability of Temperament

Attachment and Development

Attachments as Reciprocal Relationships

How Do Infants Become Attached?

Individual Differences in Attachment Quality

Fathers as Caregivers

Factors That Influence Attachment Security

Attachment and Later Development

Applying Developmental Themes to Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Summary

Chapter 10 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Chapter 11. Development of the Self-Concept

How the Self-Concept Develops

Self-Differentiation in Infancy

Self-Recognition in Infancy

“Who Am I?” Responses of Preschool Children

Conceptions of Self in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Cultural Influences on the Self-Concept

Self-Esteem: The Evaluative Component of Self

Origins and Development of Self-Esteem

Social Contributors to Self-Esteem

Development of Achievement Motivation and Academic Self-Concepts

Early Origins of Achievement Motivation

Achievement Motivation During Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Beyond Achievement Motivation: Development of Achievement Attributions

Who Am I to Be? Forging an Identity

Developmental Trends in Identity Formation

How Painful Is Identity Formation?

Influences on Identity Formation

Identity Formation Among Minority Youth

The Other Side of Social Cognition: Knowing About Others

Age Trends in Person Perception

Theories of Social-Cognitive Development

Applying Developmental Themes to the Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Summary

Chapter 11 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Chapter 12. Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

Defining Sex and Gender

Categorizing Males and Females: Gender-Role Standards

Some Facts and Fictions About Sex Differences

Actual Psychological Differences Between the Sexes

Cultural Myths

Do Cultural Myths Contribute to Sex Differences in Ability (and Vocational Opportunity)?

Developmental Trends in Gender Typing

Development of the Gender Concept

Development of Gender-Role Stereotypes

Development of Gender-Typed Behavior

Theories of Gender Typing and Gender-Role Development

Evolutionary Theory

Money and Ehrhardt’s Biosocial Theory of Gender Differentiation and Development

A Psychobiosocial Viewpoint

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

Social Learning Theory

Kohlberg’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory

Gender Schema Theory

An Integrative Theory

Applications: On Changing Gender-Role Attitudes and Behavior

Applying Developmental Themes to Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

Summary

Chapter 12 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Chapter 13. Aggression, Altruism, and Moral Development

The Development of Aggression

Origins of Aggression in Infancy

Developmental Trends in Aggression

Individual Differences in Aggressive Behavior

Cultural and Subcultural Influences on Aggression

Coercive Home Environments: Breeding Grounds for Aggression

Altruism: Development of the Prosocial Self

Origins of Altruism

Developmental Trends in Altruism

Sex Differences in Altruism

Social-Cognitive and Affective Contributors to Altruism

Cultural and Social Influences on Altruism

Who Raises Altruistic Children?

Moral Development: Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral Components

How Developmentalists Look at Morality

The Affective Component of Moral Development

The Cognitive Component of Moral Development

The Behavioral Component of Moral Development

Applying Developmental Themes to the Development of Aggression, Altruism, and Morality

Summary

Chapter 13 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Part V. The Context of Development

Chapter 14. The Context of Development I: The Family

The Ecological Systems Viewpoint

Bronfenbrenner’s Contexts for Development

Understanding the Family

The Family as a Social System

Families Are Developing Systems

Conclusions About Understanding Families

Parental Socialization During Childhood and Adolescence

Two Major Dimensions of Parenting

Four Patterns of Parenting

Social Class and Ethnic Variations in Child Rearing

The Influence of Siblings and Sibling Relationships

Changes in the Family Systems When a New Baby Arrives

Sibling Relationships over the Course of Childhood

Positive Contributions of Sibling Relationships

Diversity in Family Life

Adoptive Families

Donor Insemination (DI) Families

Gay and Lesbian Families

Family Conflict and Divorce

Applying Developmental Themes to Family Life, Parenting, and Siblings

Summary

Chapter 14 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

Chapter 15. The Context of Development II: Peers, Schools, and Technology

Peers as Agents of Socialization

Who Is a Peer, and What Functions Do Peers Serve?

The Development of Peer Sociability

Peer Acceptance and Popularity

School as a Socialization Agent

Schooling and Cognitive Development

Determinants of Effective Schooling

Education and Developmental Transitions

The Effects of Television on Child Development

Development of Television Literacy

Some Potentially Undesirable Effects of Television

Television as an Educational Tool

Child Development in the Digital Age

Computers in the Classroom

Beyond the Classroom: Benefits of Internet Exposure

Concerns About Computers

Final Thoughts on the Context of Development

Applying Developmental Themes to the Context of Development

Summary

Chapter 15 Practice Quiz

Key Terms

Media Resources

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Tags: David Shaffer, Katherine Kipp, Developmental Psychology