Test Bank for Microbiology with Diseases by Body System 5th Edition by Robert W Bauman – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0134477200 ,9780134477206
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ISBN 10: 0134477200
ISBN 13: 9780134477206
Author: Robert W Bauman
Test Bank for Microbiology with Diseases by Body System 5th Edition Table of contents:
1 A Brief History of Microbiology
The Early Years of Microbiology
What Does Life Really Look Like?
Learning Outcomes
How Can Microbes Be Classified?
Learning Outcomes
Bacteria and Archaea
Fungi
Protozoa
Algae
Other Organisms of Importance to Microbiologists
The Golden Age of Microbiology
Learning Outcomes
Does Microbial Life Spontaneously Generate?
Learning Outcomes
Redi’s Experiments
Needham’s Experiments
Spallanzani’s Experiments
Pasteur’s Experiments
The Scientific Method
What Causes Fermentation?
Learning Outcomes
Pasteur’s Experiments
Buchner’s Experiments
What Causes Disease?
Learning Outcomes
Koch’s Experiments
Koch’s Postulates
Gram’s Stain
How Can We Prevent Infection and Disease?
Learning Outcomes
Semmelweis and Hand Washing
Lister’s Antiseptic Technique
Nightingale and Nursing
Snow and Epidemiology
Jenner’s Vaccine
Ehrlich’s “Magic Bullets”
The Modern Age of Microbiology
Learning Outcome
What Are the Basic Chemical Reactions of Life?
How Do Genes Work?
Microbial Genetics
Molecular Biology
Recombinant DNA Technology
Gene Therapy
What Roles Do Microorganisms Play in the Environment?
Learning Outcome
How Do We Defend Against Disease?
What Will the Future Hold?
Chapter Summary
The Early Years of Microbiology
The Golden Age of Microbiology
The Modern Age of Microbiology
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Short Answer
Matching
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
2 The Chemistry of Microbiology
Atoms
Learning Outcome
Atomic Structure
Learning Outcomes
Isotopes
Learning Outcome
Electron Configurations
Learning Outcome
Chemical Bonds
Learning Outcomes
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
Learning Outcomes
Polar Covalent Bonds
Learning Outcome
Ionic Bonds
Learning Outcomes
Hydrogen Bonds
Learning Outcome
Chemical Reactions
Learning Outcome
Synthesis Reactions
Learning Outcomes
Decomposition Reactions
Learning Outcome
Exchange Reactions
Learning Outcome
Water, Acids, Bases, and Salts
Water
Learning Outcome
Acids and Bases
Learning Outcome
Salts
Organic Macromolecules
Functional Groups
Learning Outcome
Lipids
Learning Outcomes
Fats
Phospholipids
Waxes
Steroids
Carbohydrates
Learning Outcome
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Proteins
Learning Outcomes
Amino Acids
Peptide Bonds
Protein Structure
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Learning Outcomes
Nucleotides and Nucleosides
Nucleic Acid Structure
Nucleic Acid Function
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Chapter Summary
Atoms
Chemical Bonds
Chemical Reactions
Water, Acids, Bases, and Salts
Organic Macromolecules
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
3 Cell Structure and Function
Processes of Life
Learning Outcome
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: An Overview
Learning Outcome
External Structures of Bacterial Cells
Glycocalyces
Learning Outcomes
Flagella
Learning Outcomes
Structure
Arrangement
Function
Fimbriae and Pili
Learning Outcome
Bacterial Cell Walls
Learning Outcomes
Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Walls
Learning Outcome
Gram-Negative Bacterial Cell Walls
Learning Outcome
Bacteria Without Cell Walls
Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes
Structure
Learning Outcomes
Function
Learning Outcomes
Passive Processes
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Processes
Active Transport
Group Translocation
Bacterial Secretion Systems
Cytoplasm of Bacteria
Learning Outcomes
Cytosol
Inclusions
Endospores
Nonmembranous Organelles
Learning Outcome
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
External Structures of Archaea
Glycocalyces
Learning Outcome
Flagella
Learning Outcomes
Fimbriae and Hami
Learning Outcomes
Archaeal Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes
Learning Outcomes
Cytoplasm of Archaea
Learning Outcome
External Structure of Eukaryotic Cells
Glycocalyces
Learning Outcome
Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes
Learning Outcomes
Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes
Learning Outcomes
Flagella
Learning Outcome
Structure and Arrangement
Function
Cilia
Learning Outcomes
Other Nonmembranous Organelles
Learning Outcomes
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles and Centrosome
Membranous Organelles
Learning Outcomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Body
Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vacuoles, and Vesicles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Learning Outcomes
Chapter Summary
Processes of Life
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: An Overview
External Structures of Bacterial Cells
Bacterial Cell Walls
Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes
Cytoplasm of Bacteria
External Structures of Archaea
Archaeal Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes
Cytoplasm of Archaea
External Structure of Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes
Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Matching
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
4 Microscopy, Staining, and Classification
Units of Measurement
Learning Outcomes
Microscopy
Learning Outcome
General Principles of Microscopy
Learning Outcomes
Wavelength of Radiation
Magnification
Resolution
Contrast
Light Microscopy
Learning Outcomes
Bright-Field Microscopes
Simple Microscopes
Compound Microscopes
Dark-Field Microscopes
Phase Microscopes
Phase-Contrast Microscopes
Differential Interference Contrast Microscopes
Fluorescence Microscopes
Confocal Microscopes
Electron Microscopy
Learning Outcome
Transmission Electron Microscopes
Scanning Electron Microscopes
Probe Microscopy
Learning Outcome
Scanning Tunneling Microscopes
Atomic Force Microscopes
Staining
Preparing Specimens for Staining
Learning Outcome
Principles of Staining
Learning Outcome
Simple Stains
Learning Outcome
Differential Stains
Gram Stain
Acid-Fast Stain
Endospore Stain
Histological Stains
Special Stains
Negative (Capsule) Stain
Flagellar Stain
Staining for Electron Microscopy
Learning Outcome
Classification and Identification of Microorganisms
Learning Outcome
Linnaeus and Taxonomic Categories
Learning Outcomes
Domains
Learning Outcome
Taxonomic and Identifying Characteristics
Learning Outcome
Physical Characteristics
Biochemical Tests
Serological Tests
Phage Typing
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Analysis of Nucleic Acids
Taxonomic Keys
Chapter Summary
Units of Measurement
Microscopy
Staining
Classification and Identification of Microorganisms
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
5 Microbial Metabolism
Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism
Catabolism and Anabolism
Learning Outcome
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
Learning Outcome
ATP Production and Energy Storage
Learning Outcome
The Roles of Enzymes in Metabolism
Learning Outcomes
Naming and Classifying Enzymes
The Makeup of Enzymes
Enzyme Activity
Temperature
pH
Enzyme and Substrate Concentration
Control of Enzymatic Activity
Carbohydrate Catabolism
Learning Outcome
Glycolysis
Cellular Respiration
Learning Outcomes
Synthesis of Acetyl-CoA
The Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle
Electron Transport
Chemiosmosis
Metabolic Diversity
Learning Outcomes
Fermentation
Learning Outcomes
Other Catabolic Pathways
Lipid Catabolism
Learning Outcome
Protein Catabolism
Learning Outcome
Photosynthesis
Learning Outcome
Chemicals and Structures
Learning Outcome
Light-Dependent Reactions
Learning Outcomes
Cyclic Photophosphorylation
Noncyclic Photophosphorylation
Light-Independent Reactions
Learning Outcomes
Other Anabolic Pathways
Learning Outcome
Carbohydrate Biosynthesis
Learning Outcome
Lipid Biosynthesis
Learning Outcome
Amino Acid Biosynthesis
Learning Outcome
Nucleotide Biosynthesis
Learning Outcome
Integration and Regulation of Metabolic Functions
Learning Outcomes
Chapter Summary
Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism
Carbohydrate Catabolism
Other Catabolic Pathways
Photosynthesis
Other Anabolic Pathways
Integration and Regulation of Metabolic Functions
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Matching
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
6 Microbial Nutrition and Growth
Growth Requirements
Nutrients: Chemical and Energy Requirements
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Carbon, Energy, and Electrons
Oxygen Requirements
Nitrogen Requirements
Other Chemical Requirements
Physical Requirements
Learning Outcome
Temperature
pH
Physical Effects of Water
Osmotic Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure
Associations and Biofilms
Learning Outcome
Culturing Microorganisms
Clinical Sampling
Learning Outcome
Obtaining Pure Cultures
Learning Outcome
Streak Plates
Pour Plates
Other Isolation Techniques
Culture Media
Learning Outcomes
Defined Media
Complex Media
Selective Media
Enrichment Culture
Differential Media
Anaerobic Media
Transport Media
Special Culture Techniques
Learning Outcome
Animal and Cell Culture
Low-Oxygen Culture
Preserving Cultures
Learning Outcome
Growth of Microbial Populations
Learning Outcome
Generation Time
Learning Outcome
Mathematical Considerations in Population Growth
Learning Outcome
Phases of Microbial Population Growth
Learning Outcomes
Lag Phase
Log Phase
Stationary Phase
Death Phase
Continuous Culture in a Chemostat
Learning Outcome
Measuring Microbial Reproduction
Learning Outcome
Direct Methods Not Requiring Incubation
Microscopic Counts
Electronic Counters
Direct Methods Requiring Incubation
Serial Dilution and Viable Plate Counts
Membrane Filtration
Most Probable Number
Indirect Methods
Turbidity
Metabolic Activity
Dry Weight
Molecular Methods
Chapter Summary
Growth Requirements
Culturing Microorganisms
Growth of Microbial Populations
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
7 Microbial Genetics
The Structure and Replication of Genomes
Learning Outcome
The Structure of Nucleic Acids
Learning Outcome
The Structure of Prokaryotic Genomes
Learning Outcomes
Prokaryotic Chromosomes
Plasmids
The Structure of Eukaryotic Genomes
Learning Outcome
Nuclear Chromosomes
Extranuclear Chromosomes in Eukaryotes
DNA Replication
Learning Outcomes
Initial Processes in Bacterial DNA Replication
Continual Synthesis of the Leading Strand
Fragmented Synthesis of the Lagging Strand
Other Characteristics of Bacterial DNA Replication
Replication of Eukaryotic DNA
Gene Function
The Relationship Between Genotype and Phenotype
Learning Outcome
The Transfer of Genetic Information
Learning Outcome
The Events in Transcription
Learning Outcomes
Initiation of Transcription
Elongation of the RNA Transcript
Termination of Transcription
Self-Termination
Rho-Dependent Termination
Transcriptional Differences in Eukaryotes
Translation
Learning Outcomes
The Genetic Code
Participants in Translation
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosomes and Ribosomal RNA
Events in Translation
Elongation
Termination
Translational Differences in Eukaryotes
Regulation of Genetic Expression
Learning Outcomes
The Nature of Prokaryotic Operons
The Lactose Operon, an Inducible Operon
Positive Regulation by CAP
Repression and Induction
The Tryptophan Operon, a Repressible Operon
RNA Molecules Can Control Translation
Mutations of Genes
Learning Outcome
Types of Mutations
Learning Outcome
Effects of Point Mutations
Learning Outcome
Mutagens
Learning Outcomes
Radiation
Chemical Mutagens
Nucleotide Analogs
Nucleotide-Altering Chemicals
Frameshift Mutagens
Frequency of Mutation
Learning Outcome
DNA Repair
Learning Outcome
Direct Repair
Single-Strand Repair
Error-Prone Repair
Identifying Mutants, Mutagens, and Carcinogens
Learning Outcomes
Positive Selection
Negative (Indirect) Selection
The Ames Test for Identifying Mutagens
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Learning Outcome
Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotes
Learning Outcomes
Transformation
Transduction
Bacterial Conjugation
Transposons and Transposition
Learning Outcomes
Chapter Summary
The Structure and Replication of Genomes
Gene Function
Mutations of Genes
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
8 Recombinant DNA Technology
The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology
Learning Outcomes
Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology
Synthetic Nucleic Acids
Learning Outcomes
The Polymerase Chain Reaction: Multiplying DNA In Vitro
Learning Outcome
Mutagens and Mutagenesis
Learning Outcomes
Reverse Transcriptase: To Synthesize cDNA
Learning Outcome
Restriction Enzymes
Learning Outcomes
Vectors
Learning Outcome
CRISPR
Learning Outcome
Techniques of Recombinant DNA Technology
Selecting a Clone of Recombinant Cells
Learning Outcome
Separating DNA Molecules: Gel Electrophoresis and the Southern Blot
Learning Outcome
DNA Microarrays
Learning Outcome
Inserting DNA into Cells
Learning Outcome
Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
Genetic Mapping
Learning Outcomes
Locating Genes
Genomics and Nucleotide Sequencing
Functional Genomics
Microbial Community Studies
Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications
Learning Outcomes
Protein Synthesis
Vaccine Production
Genetic Screening
Gene Therapy
Medical Diagnosis
Xenotransplantation
Biomedical Animal Models
Agricultural Applications
Learning Outcome
Herbicide Tolerance
Pest Resistance
Salt Tolerance
Freeze Resistance
Improvements in Nutritional Value and Yield
The Ethics and Safety of Recombinant DNA Technology
Learning Outcome
Chapter Summary
The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology
Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology
Techniques of Recombinant DNA Technology
Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
The Ethics and Safety of Recombinant DNA Technology
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Modified True/False
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
9 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment
Basic Principles of Microbial Control
Terminology of Microbial Control
Learning Outcomes
Microbial Death Rates
Learning Outcome
Action of Antimicrobial Agents
Learning Outcome
Alteration of Cell Walls and Membranes
Damage to Proteins and Nucleic Acids
The Selection of Microbial Control Methods
Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Methods
Learning Outcomes
Site to Be Treated
Relative Susceptibility of Microorganisms
Environmental Conditions
Biosafety Levels
Learning Outcome
Physical Methods of Microbial Control
Learning Outcome
Heat-Related Methods
Learning Outcomes
Moist Heat
Boiling
Autoclaving
Pasteurization
Ultra-High-Temperature Sterilization
Dry Heat
Refrigeration and Freezing
Learning Outcome
Desiccation and Lyophilization
Learning Outcome
Filtration
Learning Outcome
Osmotic Pressure
Learning Outcome
Radiation
Learning Outcome
Ionizing Radiation
Nonionizing Radiation
Chemical Methods of Microbial Control
Learning Outcome
Phenol and Phenolics
Learning Outcome
Alcohols
Learning Outcome
Halogens
Learning Outcome
Oxidizing Agents
Learning Outcome
Surfactants
Learning Outcome
Heavy Metals
Learning Outcome
Aldehydes
Learning Outcome
Gaseous Agents
Learning Outcome
Enzymes
Learning Outcome
Antimicrobial Drugs
Learning Outcome
Methods for Evaluating Disinfectants and Antiseptics
Learning Outcome
Phenol Coefficient
Use-Dilution Test
Kelsey-Sykes Capacity Test
In-Use Test
Development of Resistant Microbes
Chapter Summary
Basic Principles of Microbial Control
The Selection of Microbial Control Methods
Physical Methods of Microbial Control
Chemical Methods of Microbial Control
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
The History of Antimicrobial Agents
Learning Outcomes
Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action
Learning Outcomes
Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
Learning Outcome
Inhibition of Synthesis of Bacterial Walls
Inhibition of Synthesis of Fungal Walls
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
Learning Outcomes
Interference with Prokaryotic Ribosomes
Interference with Charging of Transfer RNA Molecules
Disruption of Cytoplasmic Membranes
Learning Outcome
Inhibition of Metabolic Pathways
Learning Outcomes
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
Learning Outcome
Prevention of Virus Attachment, Entry, or Uncoating
Learning Outcome
Clinical Considerations in Prescribing Antimicrobial Drugs
Learning Outcome
Spectrum of Action
Learning Outcome
Effectiveness
Learning Outcome
Diffusion Susceptibility Test
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Test
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) Test
Routes of Administration
Learning Outcome
Safety and Side Effects
Learning Outcomes
Toxicity
Allergies
Disruption of Normal Microbiota
Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs
The Development of Resistance and Persister Cells
Learning Outcomes
Mechanisms of Resistance
Learning Outcomes
Multiple Resistance and Cross Resistance
Learning Outcome
Retarding Resistance
Learning Outcome
Chapter Summary
The History of Antimicrobial Agents
Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action
Clinical Considerations in Prescribing Antimicrobial Drugs
Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
11 Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes
General Characteristics of Prokaryotic Organisms
Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells
Learning Outcome
Endospores
Learning Outcome
Reproduction of Prokaryotic Cells
Learning Outcomes
Arrangements of Prokaryotic Cells
Learning Outcome
Modern Prokaryotic Classification
Learning Outcomes
Survey of Archaea
Learning Outcome
Extremophiles
Learning Outcome
Thermophiles
Halophiles
Methanogens
Learning Outcome
Survey of Bacteria
Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria
Learning Outcomes
Deeply Branching Bacteria
Phototrophic Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Green and Purple Phototrophic Bacteria
Low G + C Gram-Positive Bacteria
Learning Outcomes
Clostridia
Mycoplasmas
Other Low G + C Gram-Positive Bacilli and Cocci
Bacillus
Listeria
Lactobacillus
Streptococcus and Enterococcus
Staphylococcus
High G + C Gram-Positive Bacteria
Learning Outcomes
Corynebacterium
Mycobacterium
Actinomycetes
Actinomyces
Nocardia
Streptomyces
Gram-Negative Proteobacteria
Learning Outcome
Class Alphaproteobacteria
Learning Outcomes
Nitrogen Fixers
Nitrifying Bacteria
Purple Nonsulfur Phototrophs
Pathogenic Alphaproteobacteria
Other Alphaproteobacteria
Class Betaproteobacteria
Learning Outcome
Pathogenic Betaproteobacteria
Other Betaproteobacteria
Class Gammaproteobacteria
Learning Outcomes
Purple Sulfur Bacteria
Intracellular Pathogens
Methane Oxidizers
Glycolytic Facultative Anaerobes
Pseudomonads
Class Deltaproteobacteria
Learning Outcome
Class Epsilonproteobacteria
Learning Outcome
Class Zetaproteobacteria
Learning Outcome
Other Gram-Negative Bacteria
Learning Outcomes
Chlamydias
Spirochetes
Bacteroids
Chapter Summary
General Characteristics of Prokaryotic Organisms
Modern Prokaryotic Classification
Survey of Archaea
Survey of Bacteria
Questions for Review
Modified True/False
Multiple Choice
Matching
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes
General Characteristics of Eukaryotic Organisms
Reproduction of Eukaryotes
Learning Outcomes
Nuclear Division
Mitosis
Meiosis
Cytokinesis (Cytoplasmic Division)
Schizogony
Classification of Eukaryotic Organisms
Learning Outcomes
Protozoa
Learning Outcome
Distribution of Protozoa
Morphology of Protozoa
Nutrition of Protozoa
Reproduction of Protozoa
Classification of Protozoa
Learning Outcomes
Parabasala
Diplomonadida
Euglenozoa
Euglenids
Kinetoplastids
Alveolates
Ciliates
Apicomplexans
Dinoflagellates
Rhizaria
Amoebozoa
Fungi
Learning Outcome
The Significance of Fungi
Learning Outcome
Morphology of Fungi
Learning Outcome
Nutrition of Fungi
Learning Outcome
Reproduction of Fungi
Learning Outcomes
Budding and Asexual Spore Formation
Sexual Spore Formation
Classification of Fungi
Learning Outcomes
Division Zygomycota
Microsporidia
Division Ascomycota
Division Basidiomycota
Deuteromycetes
Lichens
Learning Outcomes
Algae
Learning Outcome
Distribution of Algae
Morphology of Algae
Reproduction of Algae
Learning Outcome
Classification of Algae
Learning Outcomes
Division Chlorophyta (Green Algae)
Kingdom Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
Chrysophyta (Golden Algae, Yellow-Green Algae, and Diatoms)
Water Molds
Learning Outcome
Other Eukaryotes of Microbiological Interest: Parasitic Helminths and Vectors
Learning Outcomes
Arachnids
Learning Outcomes
Insects
Learning Outcomes
Chapter Summary
General Characteristics of Eukaryotic Organisms
Protozoa
Fungi
Algae
Water Molds
Other Eukaryotes of Microbiological Interest: Parasitic Helminths and Vectors
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Matching
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Fill in the Blanks
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
13 Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Characteristics of Viruses
Learning Outcome
Genetic Material of Viruses
Learning Outcome
Hosts of Viruses
Learning Outcomes
Sizes of Viruses
Capsid Morphology
Learning Outcome
Viral Shapes
The Viral Envelope
Learning Outcome
Classification of Viruses
Learning Outcome
Viral Replication
Lytic Replication of Bacteriophages
Learning Outcome
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