Test Bank for Personality 9th Edition by Jerry Burger – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 128574022X , 978-1285740225
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ISBN 10: 128574022X
ISBN 13: 978-1285740225
Author: Jerry Burger
This proven text fuses the best of theory-based and research-based instruction to give readers an illuminating introduction to personality that is accessible and understandable. The author pairs “theory, application, and assessment” chapters with chapters that describe the research programs aligned with every major theoretical approach. Biographical sketches of theorists and accounts of the stories behind influential research programs help readers gain an understanding of how classic and contemporary findings relate to each other, and reinforce the idea that theory and research perpetuate one another. In-text self-assessments encourage readers to interact with the material and allow them to learn more about their own personalit.
Personality 9th Table of contents:
Chapter 1. What Is Personality?
1.1. The Person and the Situation
1.2. Defining Personality
1.3. Six Approaches to Personality
Two Examples: Aggression and Depression
1.4. Personality and Culture
1.5. The Study of Personality: Theory, Application, Assessment, and Research
Theory
Application
Assessment
Research
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 2. Personality Research Methods
2.1. The Hypothesis-Testing Approach
Theories and Hypotheses
Experimental Variables
Manipulated Versus Nonmanipulated Independent Variables
Prediction Versus Hindsight
Replication
2.2. The Case Study Method
Limitations of the Case Study Method
Strengths of the Case Study Method
2.3. Statistical Analysis of Data
Statistical Significance
Correlation Coefficients
2.4. Personality Assessment
Reliability
Validity
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 3. The Psychoanalytic Approach
3.1. Freud Discovers the Unconscious
3.2. The Freudian Theory of Personality
The Topographic Model
The Structural Model
Libido and Thanatos
Defense Mechanisms
Psychosexual Stages of Development
Getting at Unconscious Material
3.3. Application: Psychoanalysis
3.4. Assessment: Projective Tests
Types of Projective Tests
Evaluation of Projective Tests
3.5. Strengths and Criticisms of Freud’s Theory
Strengths
Criticisms
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 4. The Freudian Approach
4.1. Dream Interpretation
The Meaning of Dream Content
The Function of Dreams
Interpreting the Evidence
4.2. Defense Mechanisms
Identifying and Measuring Defense Mechanisms
Developmental Differences
Defensive Style
4.3. Humor
Freud’s Theory of Humor
Research on Freud’s Theory of Humor
Interpreting the Findings
4.4. Hypnosis
What Is Hypnosis?
Hypnotic Responsiveness
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 5. The Psychoanalytic Approach
5.1. Limits and Liabilities of Freudian Theory
5.2. Alfred Adler
Striving for Superiority
Parental Influence on Personality Development
Birth Order
5.3. Carl Jung
The Collective Unconscious
Some Important Archetypes
Evidence for the Collective Unconscious
5.4. Erik Erikson
Personality Development Throughout the Life Cycle
5.5. Karen Horney
Neurosis
Feminine Psychology
5.6. Application: Psychoanalytic Theory and Religion
5.7. Assessment: Personal Narratives
Measuring Personality with Personal Narratives
Generativity and Life Stories
5.8. Strengths and Criticisms of Neo-Freudian Theories
Strengths
Criticisms
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 6. The Neo-Freudian Theories
6.1. Anxiety and Coping Strategies
Coping with Anxiety
Types of Coping Strategies
How Effective Are Coping Strategies?
Coping Flexibility
6.2. Psychoanalytic Concepts and Aggression
Frustration and Aggression
Displacing Aggression
Catharsis and Aggression
6.3. Attachment Style and Adult Relationships
Object Relations Theory and Attachment Theory
Adult Attachment Styles
Alternate Models and Measurement
Attachment Style and Romantic Relationships
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 7. The Trait Approach
7.1. The Trait Approach
7.2. Important Trait Theorists
Gordon Allport
Henry Murray
7.3. Factor Analysis and the Search for the Structure of Personality
The Big Five
Ongoing Questions Related to the Big Five Model
7.4. The Situation Versus Trait Controversy
Criticism of the Trait Approach
In Defense of Personality Traits
7.5. Application: The Big Five in the Workplace
7.6. Assessment: Self-Report Inventories
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Problems with Self-Report Inventories
7.7. Strengths and Criticisms of the Trait Approach
Strengths
Criticisms
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 8. The Trait Approach
8.1. Achievement Motivation
High Achievement Motivation Characteristics
Predicting Achievement Behavior
Gender, Culture, and Achievement
Attributions
Achievement Goals
8.2. Type A, Hostility and Health
Type A as a Personality Variable
Hostility and Health
8.3. Social Anxiety
Characteristics of Socially Anxious People
Explaining Social Anxiety
8.4. Emotions
Emotional Affectivity
Affect Intensity
Emotional Expressiveness
8.5. Optimism and Pessimism
Dealing with Adversity
Optimism and Health
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 9. The Biological Approach
9.1. Hans Eysenck’s Theory of Personality
The Structure of Personality
A Biological Basis for Personality
Physiological Differences: Stimulation Sensitivity and Behavioral Activation/Inhibition Systems
9.2. Temperament
Temperament and Personality
Inhibited and Uninhibited Children
9.3. Evolutionary Personality Psychology
Natural Selection and Psychological Mechanisms
Anxiety and Social Exclusion
9.4. Application: Children’s Temperaments and School
Temperament and Academic Performance
Matching Temperament and Teaching
9.5. Assessment: Brain Electrical Activity and Cerebral Asymmetry
Measuring Brain Activity
Cerebral Asymmetry
Individual Differences in Cerebral Asymmetry
9.6. Strengths and Criticisms of the Biological Approach
Strengths
Criticisms
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 10. The Biological Approach
10.1. Heritability of Personality Traits
Separating Environmental from Genetic Influences
Interpreting the Heritability Findings
10.2. Extraversion–Introversion
The Heritability of Extraversion
Extraversion and Preferred Arousal Level
Extraversion and Happiness
10.3. Evolutionary Personality Theory and Mate Selection
What Men Look for in Women
What Women Look for in Men
Conclusions and Limitations
Summary
Key Term
Chapter 11. The Humanistic Approach
11.1. The Roots of Humanistic Psychology
11.2. Key Elements of the Humanistic Approach
Personal Responsibility
The Here and Now
The Experience of the Individual
Personal Growth
11.3. Carl Rogers
The Fully Functioning Person
Anxiety and Defense
Conditions of Worth and Unconditional Positive Regard
11.4. Abraham Maslow
Motivation and the Hierarchy of Needs
Misconceptions About Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
The Study of Psychologically Healthy People
11.5. The Psychology of Optimal Experience
Optimal Experience
Optimal Experience and Happiness in Everyday Activities
11.6. Application: Person-Centered Therapy and Job Satisfaction
Person-Centered Therapy
Job Satisfaction and the Hierarchy of Needs
11.7. Assessment: The Q-Sort Technique
11.8. Strengths and Criticisms of the Humanistic Approach
Strengths
Criticisms
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 12. The Humanistic Approach
12.1. Self-Disclosure
Disclosure Reciprocity
Self-Disclosure Among Friends and Romantic Partners
Disclosing Men and Disclosing Women
Disclosing Traumatic Experiences
12.2. Loneliness
Defining and Measuring Loneliness
Chronically Lonely People
The Causes of Loneliness
12.3. Self-Esteem
Self-Esteem and Reaction to Failure
Contingencies of Self-Worth
Self-Esteem and Culture
12.4. Solitude
Time Alone
Individual Differences in Preference for Solitude
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 13. The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach
13.1. Behaviorism
13.2. Basic Principles of Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
13.3. Social Learning Theory
13.4. Social-Cognitive Theory
Reciprocal Determinism
Imagination and Self-Regulation
Observational Learning
13.5. Application: Conditioning Principles and Self-Efficacy in Psychotherapy
Behavioral Explanations of Psychological Disorders
Conditioning Principles
Self-Efficacy
13.6. Assessment: Behavior Observation Methods
Direct Observation
Self-Monitoring
Observation by Others
13.7. Strengths and Criticisms of the Behavioral/Social Learning Approach
Strengths
Criticisms
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 14. The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach
14.1. Individual Differences in Gender-Role Behavior
Masculinity–Femininity
Androgyny
Gender Type and Psychological Well-Being
Gender Type and Interpersonal Relationships
Unmitigated Agency and Unmitigated Communion
14.2. Observational Learning of Aggression
Bandura’s Four-Step Model
Mass Media Aggression and Aggressive Behavior
Violent Video Games
14.3. Learned Helplessness
Learning to Be Helpless
Learned Helplessness in Humans
Some Applications of Learned Helplessness
14.4. Locus of Control
Locus of Control and Well-Being
Locus of Control and Health
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 15. The Cognitive Approach
15.1. Personal Construct Theory
Personal Construct Systems
Inadequate Personal Constructs
15.2. Cognitive Personality Variables
15.3. Cognitive Representations of the Self
Self-Schemas
Possible Selves
Self Discrepancies
15.4. Application: Cognitive (Behavior) Psychotherapy
Rational Emotive (Behavior) Therapy
15.5. Assessment: The Repertory Grid Technique
15.6. Strengths and Criticisms of the Cognitive Approach
Strengths
Criticisms
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 16. The Cognitive Approach
16.1. Cognitions and Aggression
General Aggression Model
Reactive Aggression in Boys
16.2. Gender, Memory, and Self-Construal
Emotional Memories
Memories About Relationships
16.3. Cognitions and Depression
Negative Schemas
Negative Cognitive Style
Summary
Key Terms
Appendix. Your Personality
References
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