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ISBN 10: 8214351261
ISBN 13: 9798214351261
Author: Susan Whiston
This comprehensive introduction to assessment, created specifically for counseling students, presents mathematical and statistical concepts in a simple and useful manner. The book stresses the importance of counselors being good consumers of assessment tools, and helps them avoid misusing tools in manners that may be harmful to clients. Updated throughout, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ASSESSMENT IN COUNSELING, 5th Edition includes material on the DSM-5 and corresponds to the 2014 Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing as well as to the 2016 CACREP Standards.
Principles and Applications of Assessment in Counseling 5th Table of contents:
Chapter 1. Assessment in Counseling
What Is Assessment?
Do Counselors Need to Know about Assessment?
Assessment Is Integral to Counseling
Assessing the Client Problem(s)
Conceptualizing and Defining the Client Problem(s)
Selecting and Implementing Effective Treatment(s)
Evaluating the Counseling
Assessment Can Be Therapeutic
What Do Counselors Need to Know about Assessment?
Types of Assessment Tools
Standardized vs. Nonstandardized
Individual vs. Group
Objective vs. Subjective
Verbal vs. Nonverbal
Speed vs. Power
Cognitive vs. Affective
History
Early Testing
1900–1920
1920s and 1930s
1940s and 1950s
1960s and 1970s
1980s and 1990s
2000 to the Present
Summary
Chapter 2. Basic Assessment Principles
Measurement Scales
Norm-Referenced vs. Criterion-Referenced Instruments
Interpreting Norm-Referenced Instruments
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Variability
Range
Variance and Standard Deviation
Normal Distributions
Types of Scores
Standard Scores
z Scores
T Scores
Stanines
Other Standard Scores
Evaluating the Norming Group
Summary
Chapter 3. Reliability
Classical Test Theory
Reliability and Random Error
Correlation Coefficients
Types of Reliability Coefficients
Test-Retest
Alternate or Parallel Forms
Internal Consistency Measures of Reliability
Nontypical Situations
Evaluating Reliability Coefficients
Standard Error of Measurement
Standard Error of Difference
Generalizability Theory
Item Response Theory
Summary
Chapter 4. Validity and Item Analysis
Validity
Evidence Based on Instrument Content
Evidence Based on the Response Processes
Evidence Based on Internal Structure
Evidence Based on Relations to Other Variables
Evidence Based on Consequences of Testing
Conclusion on Validation Evidence
Item Analysis
Item Difficulty
Item Discrimination
Item Response Theory
Summary
Chapter 5. Ethical and Legal Issues in Assessment
Ethics
ACA Code of Ethics
Introduction
Client Rights and Responsibilities
Counselors Rights and Responsibilities
Legal Issues in Assessment
Legislation
Litigation
Summary
Chapter 6. Issues Related to Assessment with Diverse Populations
Culture and Assessment
Types of Instrument Bias
General Recommendations for Practice
Differences in Performance and Race/Ethnicity
Linguistic Background and Appraisal
Assessment of Individuals with Disabilities
Assessment of Individuals with Visual Impairments
Assessment of Individuals with Hearing Impairments
Assessment of Individuals with Motor Disabilities
Assessment of Individuals with Cognitive Impairments
Assessment of Older Individuals
Summary
Chapter 7. Selecting, Administering, Scoring, and Communicating Assessment Results
Selection of Assessment Instruments or Strategies
Determine What Information Is Needed
Analyze Strategies for Obtaining Information
Search Assessment Resources
Evaluate Assessment Strategies
Administering Assessment Instruments
Scoring
Communicating Results
Research Related to Communication of Results
Guidelines for Communicating Results to Clients
Guidelines for Communicating Results to Parents
Psychological Reports
Summary
Chapter 8. Initial Assessment in Counseling
Initial Intake Interview
Information Gathered in the Initial Interview
Demographic Information
Client Background Information
Health and Medical History
Client’s Presenting Concern(s)
Other Relevant Information
Defining the Client’s Problem
Interviewing Skills and Techniques
Interviewing Children
Structured and Unstructured Initial Interviews
Strengths and Limitations of Interviewing
Other Strategies That Can Be Used in Initial Assessment
Checklists
Rating Scales
Assessing Specific Problems in the Initial Sessions
Assessment of Suicide Potential
Assessment of Depression
Assessment of Potential Violence
Assessment of Child Abuse
Assessment of Substance Abuse
Mental Status Examination
Summary
Chapter 9. Intelligence and General Ability Testing
Models of Intelligence
Psychometric Approach
Developmental Progressions
Information Processing
Other Theories
Individual Intelligence Testing
Wechsler Scales
Verbal Comprehension Subtests
Visual Spatial Subtests
Fluid Reasoning Subtests
Working Memory Subtests
Processing Speed Subtests
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Kaufman Instruments
Woodcock-Johnson IV
Additional Individual Instruments
Conclusions
Group Intelligence Testing
Issues in Intelligence Testing
Is Intelligence Stable?
What Do Intelligence Test Scores Predict?
Is Intelligence Hereditary?
What Environmental Factors Influence Intelligence?
Are There Group Differences in Intelligence?
What Is the Flynn Effect?
Summary
Chapter 10. Assessing Achievement and Aptitude: Applications for Counseling
Assessment of Achievement
No Child Left Behind
Common Core
Assessment of the Common Core
National Assessment of Educational Progress
Adult Achievement Testing
Individual Achievement Tests and Diagnostic Achievement Tests
Aptitude Assessment
Scholastic Aptitude Tests
Vocational/Career Aptitude Tests
Test Preparation and Performance
Test Sophistication and Training
Coaching
Summary
Chapter 11. Assessment in Career Counseling
Assessing Individual Differences
Interests
Abilities/Skills
Values
Integrative Career Assessment Programs
Combining Assessment Information
Career Process Measures
Career Decision Making
Career Maturity
Career Adaptability
Other Career Choice Process Measures
Qualitative Career Assessment
Issues and Trends in Career Assessment
Technology and Internet-Based Career Assessments
Gender and Career Assessment
Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Career Assessment
Summary
Chapter 12. Appraisal of Personality
Informal Assessment Techniques
Observation
Interviewing
Structured Personality Inventories
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2
MMPI-2 Restructured Form
Other MMPI Related Instruments
NEO-PI-3
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Other Standardized Personality Instruments
Limitations of Standardized Personality Inventories
Projective Techniques
Association Techniques
Construction Techniques
Completion Techniques
Arrangement or Selection Techniques
Expression Techniques
Strengths and Limitations of Projective Techniques
Self-Concept Measures
Piers-Harris Children Self-Concept Scale, Second Edition
Tennessee Self-Concept Scale
Summary
Chapter 13. Behavioral Assessment
Observational Recording Methods
Narrative Recording
Interval Recording
Event Recording
Ratings Recording
Conclusion
Self-Monitoring
Reactivity
Formal Behavioral Assessments
Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition
Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment
Error in Behavioral Assessment
Summary
Chapter 14. Assessment in Marriage and Family Counseling
Difficulties with Assessment of Couples and Families
Family Interviews
Mapping Techniques
Genograms
Family Sculpting
Other Mapping Techniques
Use of Instruments Designed for Individuals
Formalized Assessment Instruments Specific to Marriage and Family
Assessment in Premarital Counseling
Couples or Marital Assessment
Family Assessment Instruments
Summary
Chapter 15. Diagnosis
DSM-5’s Definition of a Mental Disorder
Organizational Structure
Cultural Issues
Nonaxial System
Other Specified and Unspecified Disorders
Subtypes and Specifiers
DSM-5 Emerging Measures
Diagnostic Criteria
Common Diagnoses
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Bipolar and Related Disorders
Depressive Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Trauma- and Stress-Related Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Feeding and Eating Disorders
Elimination Disorders
Sleep-Wake Disorders
Sexual Dysfunctions
Gender Dysphoria
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Neurocognitive Disorders
Personality Disorders
Paraphilic Disorders
Other Mental Disorders
Other Conditions That May Be the Focus of Clinical Attention
Implications for Counselors
Instruments Designed to Assist in Diagnosis
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
Summary
Chapter 16. Monitoring and Evaluating Counseling
Treatment Monitoring
Evaluation in Counseling
Defining Evaluation Study Focus
Determining Design
Selecting Participants
Selecting Assessments or Measures
Data Analysis
Disseminate Results
Summary
Concluding Remarks
Appendix A. 2014 American Counseling Association Code of Ethics Section E
Appendix B. Table of Areas under the Normal Curve
Appendix C. Standards for Multicultural Assessment
References
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