Test Bank for Public Speaking and Civic Engagement 4th Edition by Michael Hogan , Patricia Hayes Andrews , James Andrews , Glen Williams ISBN 0134184963 978-0134184968

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ISBN 10: 0134184963
ISBN 13: 978-0134184968
Author:  J. Michael Hogan , Patricia Hayes Andrews , James R. Andrews , Glen Williams

Public Speaking: The Cornerstone of Democratic Engagement

Public Speaking and Civic Engagement opens readers’ eyes to the critical role debate plays in democracy through the context of real-world events. With an emphasis on the importance of communication, the text teaches readers to effectively share insights and ideas, listen to those of others, and debate opinions critically as part of their responsibility as democratic citizens.

By exploring relevant topics such as technological innovation, economic trends, and social media’s impact on civic participation, the Fourth Edition stays up to date with the most current trends in our society and their effect on civic engagement. The authors continue to explore longstanding issues and their impact on civic engagement, such as the threat of terrorism in the Middle East, the European debt crisis, and domestic debates on healthcare, immigration, environmental policy, education, and other contentious issues. The text demonstrates the importance of public speaking with concrete examples in a concise and accessible format that readers can understand and enjoy.

Also available with MyCommunicationLab^®

MyCommunicationLab for the Public Speaking course extends learning online to engage readers and improve results. Media resources with assignments bring concepts to life, and offer readers opportunities to practice applying what they’ve learned. Please note: this version of MyCommunicationLab does not include an eText.

Public Speaking and Civic Engagement, Fourth Edition is also available via REVEL^™, an interactive learning environment that enables users to read, practice, and study in one continuous experience.

Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyLab^™ & Mastering^™ does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MyLab & Mastering, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.

013431994X / 9780134319940 Public Speaking and Civic Engagement Plus MyCommunicationLab for Public Speaking – Access Card Package, 4/e

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• 0134184963 / 9780134184968 Public Speaking and Civic Engagement, 4/e
• 0133907279 / 9780133907278 MyCommunicationLab for Public Speaking

Public Speaking and Civic Engagement 4th Table of contents:

Chapter 1 Democratic Citizenship and the Ethics of Public Speaking

Public Speaking and Civic Engagement

The Challenges of Democratic Citizenship

The Engaged Citizen

Focus on Civic Engagement “Granny D” Gets Involved

The Rhetorical Tradition and the Ethics of Speech

Speaking Responsibly

Thinking Critically

Lessons of the Past

The Ethics of Speech

Focus on Civic Engagement Voices of Democracy: The U.S. Oratory Project

Deliberation and Demagoguery in the Twenty-First Century

Deliberating in Good Faith

Demagoguery and the Ethics of Emotional Appeal

The Responsible Citizen-Speaker

Characteristics of the Responsible Citizen-Speaker

Legal and Ethical Issues in Public Speaking

Highlighting Ethical Communication

Summary

Key Terms

Speech to the 58th National Prayer Breakfast, February 4, 2010, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton

Chapter 2 Listening and Speaking in a Democratic Society

The Speaker-Listener Partnership

The Engaged Listener

Positive Outcomes of Effective Listening

Highlighting Listening and Leadership

Preparing for Critical Listening: Your Responsibility as a Citizen

Focus on Civic Engagement National Issues Forums: The Role of Listening in Democratic Deliberations

Barriers to Good Listening

Passivity Syndrome

Automatic Rejection

Focus on Civic Engagement Building a Climate for Peace through Critical Listening

Short Attention Span

Stereotyping

Highlighting Stereotypes in the Media

Distractions

Critical Listening

Preparing to Listen

Active Listening

Highlighting Note Taking

Offer Feedback

Preparing Yourself to Speak

Know Yourself

Know Your Audience

Know the Situation

Highlighting Preparation

Aim for Audience Response

Building and Delivering Your Speech

Gather Relevant Materials

Construct a Reasonable Argument

Give Your Message Structure

Speak Directly with Your Audience

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 3 Speaking with Confidence

Understanding Communication Apprehension

Highlighting Communication Apprehension How Universities Are Helping Students

Factors That Contribute to Communication Apprehension

Poor Preparation

Trait Anxiety

State Anxiety

Self-Expectations

Fear of Evaluation

Fearing That Listeners Perceive Apprehension

Fear of Failure

Overreacting to the Body’s Physiological Responses

Managing Communication Apprehension

Address Issues to Which You Are Committed

Focus on Civic Engagement The Ripon College Speakers Bureau

Be Well Prepared

Focus on Civic Engagement Speaking with Conviction

Develop a Positive Attitude

Practice Your Speech

Anticipate the Speech Situation

Practice Active Listening

Exercise for Relaxation

Acknowledge Potential Benefits of Moderate Communication Apprehension

Maintain a Sense of Perspective

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 4 Diverse Audiences in a Democratic Society

Understanding Diverse Audiences

Age and Values

Gender Roles and Stereotypes

Race and Ethnicity

Cultural Differences

Religion

Geographical Environment

Education

Occupation or Profession

Highlighting Audience Demographics

Economic Status

Identifying Individual Listener Needs and Values

Satisfying Basic Physiological Needs

Ensuring Listeners’ Personal Safety

Reinforcing Feelings of Love and a Sense of Belonging

Helping Listeners Feel Appreciated by Others

Helping Listeners Realize Their Own Potential

Identifying Audience Values

Focus on Civic Engagement President Obama on Realizing Your Potential through Public Service

Identifying Communal Needs and Values

The Saliency of Key Group Memberships

Focus on Civic Engagement Group Membership

Gathering Information for Audience Adaptation

Internet Research

Interviewing for Information

Administering an Audience Survey

Devising Good Questions for an Audience Survey

Ongoing Strategies for Audience Adaptation

Summary

Key Terms

Speech on the Crisis in Venezuela, Marco Rubio

Chapter 5 Developing Significant Topics

Finding a Suitable Topic

Finding Topics of Public Concern

What Matters to You?

Highlighting Sources for Identifying Topics of Public Concern Using a Library Research Guide

Conducting a Personal Inventory

Narrowing the Topic

Consider the Situation

Consider the Audience

Ethical Obligations in Selecting a Topic

Accuracy

Objectivity versus Subjectivity

Taste and Judgment

General Purposes

Informative Purposes

Persuasive Purposes

Ceremonial Purposes

Crafting and Testing Specific Purposes

Purpose and Response

Purpose and the Situation

Purpose and Audience Benefits

Testing Specific Purposes

Constructing a Thesis Statement

Guidelines for Constructing a Thesis Statement

Highlighting the Process From Topic to Purpose to Thesis

Avoiding Common Mistakes

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 6 Responsible and Productive Research

A Productive Start

Highlighting How to Begin Your Investigation

Finding Relevant Information: A High-Speed Pursuit

The Creative Enterprise of Building a Speech

The Creative Process

Productive Note Taking: Drafting as You Investigate Your Topic

Developing Information Literacy

Finding Information

Evaluating Information

Properly Using Information

Searching the Internet

Locating Information

Evaluating Internet Resources

Investigating Like a Professional: Using Library Resources

Highlighting Databases as a Research Tool

Gathering Information through Interviews

Preparing for the Interview

Conducting the Interview

After the Interview

Gathering Information through E-mail and Online Networking

Citing Sources of Quoted and Paraphrased Material

Guidelines for Incorporating Material

Guidelines for Citing Sources during Your Presentation

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 7 Supporting Your Ideas

Supporting Ideas with Evidence

Facts

Definitions

Examples

Statistics

Highlighting Specific Examples On Ratifying the Law of the Sea Convention

Highlighting Examples and Statistics

Testimony

Supporting Ideas through Comparison and Contrast

Techniques of Comparison and Contrast

Focus on Civic Engagement Candidates’ Contrasting Views

Thinking Critically about Comparison and Contrast

Evaluating Supporting Material

Accuracy

Highlighting Source Accuracy Beware of Wikipedia

Completeness

Recency

Source Reliability

Audience Appropriateness

Ethical Considerations

Summary

Key Terms

Overcrowded Prisons and Reform of Our Justice System, Terry Ford

Chapter 8 Organizing Your Speech

The Elements of Sound Organization

Clarity of Ideas

Simplicity of Ideas

Suitability to the Situation

How Patterns of Organization Connect Ideas

Chronological or Sequential Order

Spatial Order

Categorical Order

Climactic Order

Causal Order

Problem-Solution Patterns

Narrative Patterns

Guidelines for Organizing Your Speech

Making the Pattern a Strategic Choice

Developing Main Ideas with a Concern for Symmetry

Determining the Number of Main Ideas

Choosing the Placement of Main Ideas

Transitions as Connectives

Internal Previews

Internal Summaries

Signposts

Rhetorical Questions

Introducing Your Speech

Establish Common Ground

Capture and Maintain the Listeners’ Attention

Focus on Civic Engagement The Power of Storytelling in Capturing the Audience’s Attention

Stress Relevance

Establish Your Credibility

Clarify Your Purpose/Advance Your Thesis

Preview Your Main Points

Final Tips about Introductions

Concluding Your Speech

Summarize Your Ideas

Challenge Your Audience

Focus on Civic Engagement President Obama on Human Rights

Appeal to Your Audience

Visualize the Future

End with a Quotation

Refer to the Introduction

Final Tips about Conclusions

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 9 Outlining Your Speech

Types of Outlines

Working Outlines

Formal Outlines

Keyword Outlines

Basic Principles of Outlining

Guidelines for Developing the Formal Outline

Focus on Civic Engagement Job Training for the Poor: A Speech of Advocacy

The Keyword Outline: Some Special Considerations

Focus on Civic Engagement A Keyword Outline for a Speech of Advocacy

Summary

Key Terms

Autism: Why Are the Rates Rising? Kaitlin Rapone

Chapter 10 Using Language Effectively

Language and Meaning

The Symbolic Nature of Language

Denotative and Connotative Meaning

Using Language That Is Clear and Accurate

Familiar Language

Technical Language

Concreteness and Specificity

Precise Language

Avoid Clichés, Empty Words, and Distracting Language

Constructing Sentences to Promote Clarity

Simplicity

Using Language That Is Active and Interesting

Use Active, Vivid Language

Highlighting Active and Interesting Language

Using Figures of Speech

Highlighting Language Hillary Clinton Declares Women’s Rights Are Human Rights

Using Appropriate and Ethical Language

Appropriateness

Gender-Inclusive Language

Audience Expectations

Responding Critically to a Speaker’s Style

Using Emotional Language Ethically

Style Substituted for Argument

Summary

Key Terms

Remarks by the President at the 50th Anniversary of the Selma to Montgomery Marches, Barack Obama

Chapter 11 Delivering Your Speech Effectively

Sounding Good versus Being Sound

Beyond Delivery: Listening to the Message

The Foundation of Ethical Delivery

Principles of Good Delivery

Understand the Situation and Audience Expectations

Establish Eye Contact

Reinforce Ideas through Gestures, Movement, and Facial Expressions

Highlighting Eye Contact Acknowledging Cultural Differences in Eye Contact and Gaze

Strive for an Effective Speaking Voice

Highlighting the Importance of a Good Voice The Practices of Demosthenes

Remain Flexible

Practice Your Speech

Highlighting Flexibility A Dramatic Example

Highlighting the Importance of Practice President Reagan Rehearses

Seek Out Opportunities to Speak

Speaking Extemporaneously

Advantages of Speaking from a Keyword Outline

Why Use Extemporaneous Delivery?

Alternative Styles of Delivery

The Impromptu Speech

The Manuscript Speech

The Memorized Speech

Focus on Civic Engagement The Theodore Roosevelt Association’s Public Speaking Contests

Responding to Audience Questions

Preparing for the Question-and-Answer Period

Conducting the Question-and-Answer Period

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 12 Supporting Your Ideas Visually

Functions of Presentational Aids

Promoting Clarity

Highlighting Visual Perception and Thinking

Assisting Retention

Providing Emphasis

Providing Support

Encouraging Emotional Involvement

Highlighting Using Graphs to Communicate Data Some Practical and Ethical Guidelines

Stimulating Interest

Enhancing Your Credibility

Highlighting Visual Literacy The Visual Dimension of Critical Thinking

Facilitating Extemporaneous Delivery

Options for Presentational Aids

Computer-Generated Slide Shows

Highlighting Prezi An Alternative to PowerPoint

Highlighting How Not To Use Powerpoint

Whiteboard

Flip Charts

Poster Board Drawings and Displays

Handouts

Objects

Models

Transparencies and Overhead Projectors

Audio and Video Materials

Guidelines for Preparing Presentational Aids

Guidelines for Using Presentational Aids

Highlighting Presentational Aids and Ethics

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 13 Speaking to Inform

Functions of Informative Speeches

Sharing Ideas and Information

Raising Awareness

Articulating Alternatives

Types of Informative Speeches

The Speech of Description

The Speech of Demonstration

The Speech of Explanation

The Informative Oral Report

Organizing the Informative Speech

A Chronological Illustration

A Spatial Illustration

A Categorical Illustration

A Causal Illustration

How Audiences Learn from Informative Speeches

The Role of Listener Motivation

Capturing and Maintaining the Audience’s Attention

Helping Listeners Learn

Ethical Considerations

Summary

Key Terms

Preparing Students for Community Involvement, Cecelia Orphan

Chapter 14 Persuasive Speaking in a Democratic Society

The Anatomy of Public Controversy

Deliberating in Good Faith

Questions of Fact, Value, and Policy

Is That the Truth?

Is This Good or Bad?

What Are We Going to Do?

Highlighting the Challenge of Persuading Others Will You Give Blood?

Ethical Proof in Persuasive Speaking

Trustworthiness

Competence

Open-Mindedness

Dynamism

How Context Affects Ethos

Highlighting Credibility

Appealing to Audience Emotions

Focus on Civic Engagement Former Presidents Bury the Political Hatchet

Affective Language

Shared Values

Vivid Detail

Visualization

Familiar References

The Ethics of Emotional Appeals

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 15 Arguing Persuasively

Persuasion and Demagoguery in a Free Society

Focus on Civic Engagement The Politics of Outrageousness

Constructing a Reasonable Argument

Claims

Evidence

Warrants

The Burden of Proof

The Forms of Reasoning

Inductive Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning

Causal Reasoning

Analogical Reasoning

Fallacies of Reasoning and Evidence

Fallacies of Relevance

Fallacies of Faulty Reasoning

Fallacies of Inadequate Evidence

Highlighting the Post Hoc Fallacy The Gun Control Debate

Fallacies of Personal Attack

Summary

Key Terms

Global Climate Change, Kathryn Gromowski

Chapter 16 Speaking on Special Occasions

Ceremonial Speaking in a Free Society

Remembering the Past

Honoring Heroes

Celebrating Shared Beliefs and Values

Offering Inspiration and Encouragement

Social Values in Ceremonial Speaking

The Forms of Ceremonial Speech

The Speech of Introduction

Welcome and Farewell Addresses

Presentation and Acceptance Speeches

Commemoration and Commencement Speeches

Tributes and Eulogies

Inaugural and Keynote Addresses

The After-Dinner Speech

Sermons

Style and Delivery in Ceremonial Speaking

Vivid Language and Imagery

Rhythm and Cadence

Speaking from a Manuscript

Summary

Key Terms

Liberty University Commencement Address, John McCain

Chapter 17 Speaking and Deliberating in Groups

Understanding Public Deliberation

Focus on Civic Engagement Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement in the Twenty-First Century

Engaging in Dialogue

Focus on Civic Engagement Educating for Democracy in a Digital Age

Benefits of Public Deliberation

Potential Problems

Group Structures That Encourage Dialogue and Deliberation

Study Circles: Dialogue to Change

Focus on Civic Engagement Study Circle Success Stories

Town Hall Meetings

National Issues Forums

Factors That Influence Effective Group Deliberation

Conflict

Highlighting Productive Approaches to Conflict Management: What Leaders Can Do

Role Structure

Highlighting the Written Record Keeping Meeting Minutes

Tolerance of Dissent

Status and Power

Leadership

Highlighting Leadership Avoiding the Pitfalls of Meetings: Practical Tips for Leaders

Group Presentations

Panel Discussions

Symposium Presentations

Guidelines for Deliberating in Groups

Prepare Carefully for Each Meeting

Adopt a Collaborative Attitude and Participate Actively

Keep an Open Mind

Highlighting Diversity Recognizing Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Communication

Pay Attention to Nonverbal Communication and Listen Carefully

Play Different Roles

Highlighting Ethics Communicating Ethically in Groups

Focus on Substance, Not Personalities

Summary

Key Terms

Glossary

Endnotes

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Michael Hogan,Patricia Hayes Andrews,James Andrews,Glen Williams,Public Speaking,Civic Engagement