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ISBN 10 1337107565
ISBN 13: 978-1337107563
Author Stephanie Coopman, James Lull
Combining time-test techniques with the latest digital resources, Coopman and Lull’s PUBLIC SPEAKING: THE EVOLVING ART, 4th Edition, gives you the tools and knowledge to become a confident, competent, and ethical public speaker in today’s media-driven society. Four peer mentors bring text concepts and strategies to life with seamlessly integrated video and animation segments that highlight strategies for successful public speaking. Examples from popular culture include analysis of the public speaking success of Bernie Sanders, Malala Yousafzai, and others, while “Apply It” boxes help you put what you learn into practice outside the classroom.
Public Speaking The Evolving Art 4th Table of contents:
Chapter 1. The Evolving Art of Public Speaking
The Craft of Public Speaking
It’s All about the Audience
Make a Personal Connection
Don’t Just Speak, Converse!
Earliest Origins of Human Communication
Influences on Public Speaking Today
Foundations of Public Speaking
Aristotle’s Rhetoric
The Five Arts of Public Speaking
Storytelling
Public Speaking Is a Life Skill
Critically Analyzing a Topic or Idea
Becoming More Confident
Becoming a Better Listener
Adapting to Different Audiences
Building Your Credibility
Finding and Using Reliable Information
Organizing Ideas and Information Effectively
Presenting Ideas and Information Effectively
Speaking Effectively in “Public”
In Classes
In the Workplace
In Communities
At Social Events
Online
Public Speaking and Human Communication Today
Traditional Categories of Human Communication
Evolution of Communication Models
Summary
Review It
Chapter 2. Building Your Confidence
What Causes Speech Anxiety?
Temperament
Response to Uncertainty
The Uncertainties of Public Speaking
Uncertainty about Your Role as a Speaker
Uncertainty about Your Speaking Abilities
Uncertainty about Your Ideas
Uncertainty about the Audience’s Response
Uncertainty about Evaluation
Uncertainty about the Setting
Uncertainty about Technology
Strategies for Building Your Confidence
Relaxation Techniques
Relabeling
Visualization
Building Your Confidence before the Day of Your Speech
Start Planning and Preparing Your Speech Early
Choose a Topic You Care About
Become an Expert on Your Topic
Research Your Audience
Practice Your Speech
Know Your Introduction and Conclusion Well
Building Your Confidence on the Day of Your Speech
Before Presenting Your Speech
During Your Speech
After You’ve Presented Your Speech
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 3. Listening
Listening and Public Speaking
Components of Listening
Types of Listening
Listening to Promote Dialogue
Facilitate a Supportive Communication Climate
Demonstrate Mutual Respect as an Audience Member
Demonstrate Mutual Respect as a Speaker
Convey a Positive Attitude for Learning
Provide Effective Feedback
Barriers to Effective Listening
Flaws in Individual Listening Filters
Mindlessness
Noise
Defensiveness
Faking Attention
Listening Effectively to Speeches
Listen Mindfully
Set Goals
Block Distractions
Manage Listening Anxiety
Suspend Judgment
Focus on the Speaker’s Main Points
Take Effective Notes
Use All Your Senses
Ask Good Questions
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 4. Developing Your Purpose and Topic
Determining Your General Purpose
Speaking to Inform
Speaking to Persuade
Speaking to Entertain
Keeping Your General Purpose in Mind
Brainstorming for Possible Topics
Brainstorming Techniques
Brainstorming Sources
Evaluating and Selecting Topic Ideas
Consider Your Own Interests
Consider Your Audience
Consider Available Resources
Consider Time
Consider the Setting and the Occasion
Identifying Your Specific Purpose
Specific Purpose to Inform
Specific Purpose to Persuade
Specific Purpose to Entertain
Putting It All Together
Phrasing Your Thesis
Building Your Working Outline
Brainstorming for Topic Development
Grouping Ideas to Select Main Points
Writing the Thesis
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 5. Adapting to Your Audience
What Is an Audience?
The Speaker–Audience Connection
Classroom Audiences
Reaching Your Target Audience
Meeting the Challenges of Audience Diversity
Techniques for Speaking to Diverse Audiences
Using Demographic Information
Understanding the Value of Demographics
Gathering Demographic Data
No Demographic Stereotyping
Using Psychographic Information
Audience Standpoints
Audience Values
Audience Attitudes
Audience Beliefs
Gathering Psychographic Data
Developing an Audience-Research Questionnaire
Asking Closed-Ended Questions
Asking Open-Ended Questions
Combining Question Types
Distributing Your Questionnaire
Questionnaires for Nonclassroom Audiences
Using Audience-Research Data in Your Speech
Types of Audience Data
Referring to Audience Data in Your Speeches
Adapting to the Setting
The Physical Location
The Occasion
The Time
Developing Credibility with Your Audience
Competence
Trustworthiness
Dynamism
Sociability
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 6. Researching Your Topic
Preparing to Research Your Topic
Examining Your Own Experience
Identifying Multiple Perspectives and Sources
Finding Research Materials
Accessing Internet Resources
Exploring Library Resources
Maximizing Your Searches
Use a Variety of Keywords
Use the Advanced Search Option
Search for More than Text
Conducting Research Interviews
Select Interviewee(s)
Develop Your Interview Guide
Conduct the Interview
Integrate the Information
Evaluating Your Research Materials
Relevance
Purpose
Validity
Recognizing and Avoiding Plagiarism
Taking Accurate Notes
Paraphrasing the Right Way
Acknowledging Your Sources
Research Guidelines
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 7. Supporting Your Ideas
Narratives
Your Own Stories
Others’ Stories
Institutional Stories
Cultural Stories
Examples
General Examples
Specific Examples
Hypothetical Examples
Definitions
Definition by Function
Definition by Analogy
Testimony
Expert Testimony
Celebrity Testimony
Lay Testimony
Facts
Statistics
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 8. Organizing and Outlining Your Speech
The Parts of a Speech
Organizing the Body of Your Speech
Developing Your Main Points
Patterns for Organizing Your Main Points
Connecting Your Ideas with Transitions
Introducing the First Main Point
Transitions between Main Points
Transitions to the Conclusion
Outlining Your Speech: The Working, Complete-Sentence, and Speaking Outlines
The Purpose and Format of the Working Outline
The Purpose and Format of the Complete-Sentence Outline
The Purpose and Format of the Speaking Outline
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 9. Beginning and Ending Your Speech
Beginning and Ending: The Primacy and Recency Effects
Developing Your Introduction
Get Your Audience’s Attention
Indicate Your Purpose and Thesis
Establish Your Credibility
Preview Your Main Points
Developing Your Conclusion
Review Your Main Points
Reinforce Your Purpose
Provide Closure
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 10. Using Language Effectively
Language Fundamentals
Language Is Arbitrary
Language Is Ambiguous
Language Is Abstract
Language Is Active
Language and Culture
Slang
Jargon
Idioms
Euphemisms
Clichés
Language and Gender
Gender-Based Interpretation
Gender-Fair Terminology
Spoken versus Written Language
Dynamic versus Static
Immediate versus Distant
Informal versus Formal
Irreversible versus Revisable
Narratives versus Facts
Audience-Centered Language
Put Your Language in Context
Personalize Your Language
Use Inclusive Language
Use Visual Language
Spark Imagination with Your Language
Guidelines for Using Language in Your Speech
Use Spoken Language
Choose Meaningful Words
Balance Clarity and Ambiguity
Be Concise
Avoid Offensive and Aggressive Language
Build in Redundancy
Don’t Get Too Attached to Your Words
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 11. Integrating Presentation Media
Why Use Presentation Media?
Understanding the Basics of Visual Design
Using Presentation Software
Hardware Setup
Designing Digital Slides
Citing Sources for Digital Slides
Using Other Visual and Audio Media
Document Cameras
Flip Charts
Traditional Whiteboards
Interactive Whiteboards
Video
Handouts
Physical Models
Human Assistants
Sound and Music
Real-Time Web Access
Overhead Projector Transparencies
Delivering Presentation Media Effectively
Consider the Room
Practice with Your Media
Set Up Early
Speak to Your Audience, Not Your Media
Summary
Analyze It
Apply it …
Review It
Chapter 12. Delivering Your Speech
Selecting a Delivery Method
Impromptu Speaking
Extemporaneous Speaking
Manuscript Speaking
Memorized Speaking
Understanding Factors That Influence Delivery
Culture and Delivery
Gender and Delivery
Fluency and Delivery
Dialect and Delivery
Physical Impairments and Delivery
Managing Your Voice During Your Speech
Control Your Breath
Speak Loudly Enough
Vary Your Rate, Pitch, and Volume
Avoid Vocalized Pauses
Articulate Your Words Clearly and Pronounce Them Correctly
Managing Your Body During Your Speech
Dress for the Occasion
Face Your Audience and Make Eye Contact with Them
Display Appropriate Facial Expressions
Maintain Good Posture
Move with Purpose and Spontaneity
Avoid Physical Barriers
Managing Your Audience During Your Speech
Adjust Your Speaking Space as Needed
Involve Your Audience
Respect the Audience’s Time
Accommodate Audience Members with Impairments
Respond Calmly to Rude or Hostile Audience Members
Be Prepared for a Question-and-Answer Period
Preparing Your Speaking Outline
Identify Keywords
Transfer Your Speaking Outline to Note Cards
Practicing the Delivery of Your Speech
Give a Version of Your Speech
Practice Your Speech in Stages
Time Your Speech
Summary
Analyze It
Apply it …
Review It
Chapter 13. Informative Speaking
Characteristics of an Informative Speech
Personally Meaningful
Accurate
Clear
Limited in Scope
Types of Informative Speeches
Speeches about Objects and Places
Speeches about People and Other Living Creatures
Speeches about Processes
Speeches about Events
Speeches about Ideas and Concepts
Specific Purposes and Thesis Statements for Informative Speeches
Organizational Patterns for Informative Speeches
The Chronological Pattern
The Spatial Pattern
The Topical Pattern
The Narrative Pattern
The Cause-and-Effect Pattern
Guidelines for Effective Informative Speeches
Keep Your Speech Informative
Make Your Speech Topic Come Alive
Connect Your Topic to Your Audience
Inform to Educate
Use Presentation Media to Inform
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 14. Persuasive Speaking
Defining Persuasion
Persuasion or Coercion?
Persuasion or Manipulation?
Persuasive or Informative Speaking?
Practical or Issue-Based Persuasion?
Practical Persuasion
Specific Purposes, Thesis Statements, and Main Points for Practical Persuasion Speeches
Organizational Patterns for Practical Persuasion Speeches
Issue-Based Persuasion
Speeches on Questions of Fact
Speeches on Questions of Value
Speeches on Questions of Policy
Organizational Patterns for Speeches on Questions of Policy
Persuading Different Types of Audiences
The Negative Audience
The Positive Audience
The Divided Audience
The Uninformed Audience
The Apathetic Audience
The Ethics of Persuasive Speaking
An Example of Ethical Standards
Summary
Analyze It
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 15. Understanding Argument
What Makes Up an Argument?
Using Claims Effectively
Types of Claims
Qualifying Claims
Using Evidence Effectively
Logos: Appeals to Logic
Ethos: Appeals to Speaker Credibility
Pathos: Appeals to Emotion
Mythos: Appeals to Cultural Beliefs
Guidelines for Using Evidence in Argument
Using Reasoning Effectively
Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Causal Reasoning
Analogical Reasoning
Avoiding Fallacies in Argument
Fallacies in Claims
Fallacies in Evidence
Fallacies in Reasoning
Fallacies in Responding
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Chapter 16. Special Occasion, Distance, and Group Speaking
Special Occasion Speeches
Speeches of Introduction
Acceptance Speeches
After-Dinner Speeches
Tributes and Eulogies
Speeches of Nomination
Public Testimony
Roasts
Toasts
The Elevator Speech
Distance Speaking
Videoconferences
Graphical Online Presentations
Telephone Meetings
Guidelines for Distance Speaking
Presenting in Small Groups
Panel Discussion
Round-Table Discussion
Symposium
Oral Report
Forum
Summary
Analyze It
Apply It …
Review It
Bonus Chapter. Mediated Public Speaking
Mediated Public Speaking Today
Making Media Appearances
Becoming a Media Spokesperson
Gaining Access to Media
Guide for Making Media Appearances
Television and Webcasts
Radio
Summary
Review It
Additional Resources
Critical Thinking Fundamentals
Critical thinking: A survival skill
Six kinds of thinking
A process for critical thinking
Check your attitudes
Check for logic
Check for evidence
Finding “aha!”: Creativity fuels critical thinking
Don’t fool yourself: 15 common mistakes in logic
Think critically about information on the Internet
Asking questions: Learning through inquiry
Reading Fundamentals
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