Test Bank for Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life 5th Edition by Jeffrey Bennett, William Briggs, Mario Triola ISBN 9780134494043 0134494040

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ISBN 10: 0134494040
ISBN 13: 9780134494043 
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, William L. Briggs, Mario F. Triola

Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life

Test Bank for Reasoning for Everyday Life 5th Table of contents:

1 Speaking of Statistics

1.1 What is/are Statistics?

How Statistics Works

What is the Goal of the Research?

Solution

What Actually Gets Studied?

Solution

How Do Sample Statistics Relate to Population Parameters?

Solution

Think About It

Think About It

Putting It All Together: The Process of a Statistical Study

Solution

Statistics: Decisions for an Uncertain World

Section 1.1 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Population, Sample, Statistic, and Parameter.

Identifying the Confidence Interval.

Forming Conclusions.

Interpreting Real Studies.

Five Steps in a Study.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

1.2 Sampling

Solution

Bias

Solution

Think About It

Sampling Methods

Simple Random Samples

Solution

Think About It

Systematic Sampling

Solution

Solution

Think About It

Convenience Samples

Solution

Cluster Samples

Solution

Stratified Samples

Solution

Summary of Sampling Methods

Solution

Section 1.2 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Census.

Representative Samples?

Evaluate the Sample Choices.

Bias.

Sampling Methods.

Choosing Sampling Methods.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

1.3 Types of Statistical Studies

Solution

Identifying the Variables

Solution

Observational Studies

Solution

Experiments

The Need for Controls

Solution

Solution

Confounding Variables

Assigning Treatment and Control Groups

Solution

The Placebo Effect

Solution

Think About It

Experimenter Effects

Blinding

Solution

Solution

Meta-Analysis

Section 1.3 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Type of Study.

Confounding.

Analyzing Experiments.

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IN THE

1.4 Should You Believe a Statistical Study?

Guideline 1 : Get a Big Picture View of the Study

Solution

Think About It

Solution

Guideline 2 : Consider the Source

Solution

Solution

Guideline 3 : Look for Bias in the Sample

Solution

Solution

Guideline 4 : Look for Problems in Defining or Measuring the Variables of Interest

Think About It

Solution

Solution

Guideline 5 : Beware of Confounding Variables

Solution

Guideline 6 : Consider the Setting and Wording in Surveys

Solution

Solution

Guideline 7 : Check That Results Are Presented Fairly

Solution

Guideline 8 : Stand Back and Consider the Conclusions

Solution

Solution

Section 1.4 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Applying Guidelines.

Bias.

Accurate Headlines?

Stat Bites.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

Chapter Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

2 Measurement in Statistics

2.1 Data Types and Levels of Measurement

Data Types

Solution

Discrete versus Continuous Data

Solution

Levels of Measurement

Think About It

Section 2.1 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Qualitative versus Quantitative Data.

Discrete or Continuous.

Levels of Measurement.

Meaningful Ratios?

Complete Classification.

IN THE

2.2 Dealing with Errors

Types of Error: Random and Systematic

Think About It

Solution

Think About It

Size of Errors: Absolute versus Relative

Solution

Describing Results: Accuracy and Precision

Solution

Think About It

Summary: Dealing with Errors

Section 2.2 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Sources of Errors.

Absolute and Relative Errors.

Believable Facts?

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

2.3 Uses of Percentages in Statistics

Solution

Using Percentages to Describe Change

Think About It

Solution

Using Percentages for Comparisons

Solution

Of versus More Than

Solution

Solution

Think About It

Percentages of Percentages

Solution

Solution

Section 2.3 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Relative Change.

Surveys.

Of versus More Than.

Percentages of Percentages.

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IN THE

2.4 Index Numbers

Solution

Think About It

Making Comparisons with Index Numbers

Solution

The Consumer Price Index

Solution

Adjusting Prices for Inflation

Solution

Other Index Numbers

Section 2.4 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Consumer Price Index.

Coffee Index.

Pizza Cost and Subway Fare.

Housing Price Index.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

Chapter Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

3 Visual Displays of Data

3.1 Frequency Tables

Solution

Relative and Cumulative Frequency

Solution

Binning Data

Solution

Section 3.1 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Pulse Rates of Females.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

3.2 Picturing Distributions of Data

Bar Graphs, Dotplots, and Pareto Charts

Think About It

Solution

Think About It

Pie Charts

Solution

Histograms and Line Charts

Solution

Think About It

Variations on the Theme

Solution

Solution

Think About It

Section 3.2 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Most Appropriate Display.

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IN THE

3.3 Graphics in the Media

Multiple Bar Graphs and Line Charts

Solution

Think About It

Stack Plots

Solution

Think About It

Geographical Data

Solution

Three-Dimensional Graphics

Solution

Infographics

Solution

Think About It

Section 3.3 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Melanoma Mortality.

Contour Map.

3-D Bars.

Infographic.

Creating Graphics.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

3.4 A Few Cautions About Graphics

Perceptual Distortions

Think About It

Watch the Scales

Think About It

Percentage Change Graphs

Pictographs

Section 3.4 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Chapter Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

4 Describing Data

4.1 What Is Average?

Mean, Median, and Mode

Think About It

Solution

Effects of Outliers

Think About It

Solution

“Average” Confusion

Solution

Solution

Think About It

Weighted Mean

Think About It

Solution

Solution

Means with Summation Notation (Optional Subsection)

Means and Medians with Binned Data (Optional Subsection)

Section 4.1 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Mean, Median, and Mode.

Comparing Data.

Weighted Mean.

Weighted Mean.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

4.2 Shapes of Distributions

Number of Modes

Solution

Symmetry or Skewness

Think About It

Solution

Think About It

Variation

Solution

Section 4.2 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Distributions.

Describing Distributions.

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IN THE

4.3 Measures of Variation

Why Variation Matters

Think About It

Range

Solution

Quartiles and the Five-Number Summary

Solution

Percentiles

Solution

Standard Deviation

Solution

Think About It

Interpreting the Standard Deviation

Solution

Solution

Standard Deviation with Summation Notation (Optional Subsection)

Section 4.3 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Range and Standard Deviation.

Comparing Variation.

Comparing Data Sets.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

4.4 Statistical Paradoxes

Better in Each Case, but Worse Overall

Solution

Does a Positive Mammogram Mean Cancer?

Solution

Think About It

Polygraphs and Drug Tests

Think About It

Solution

Section 4.4 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Further Applications

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

Chapter Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

5 A Normal World

5.1 What Is Normal?

Think About It

The Normal Distribution

Think About It

Solution

The Normal Distribution and Relative Frequencies

Solution

Think About It

When Can We Expect a Normal Distribution?

Solution

Think About It

Section 5.1 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Normal Distributions.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

5.2 Properties of the Normal Distribution

Think About It

Solution

Solution

Applying the 68-95-99.7 Rule

Solution

Solution

Think About It

Standard Scores

Solution

Standard Scores and Percentiles

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Toward Probability

Section 5.2 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

IQ Scores.

Heights of Males.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

5.3 The Central Limit Theorem

Think About It

Solution

Solution

Think About It

The Value of the Central Limit Theorem

Section 5.3 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Weights.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

Chapter Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

6 Probability in Statistics

6.1 The Role of Probability in Statistics: Statistical Significance

From Sample to Population

Solution

Quantifying Statistical Significance

Think About It

Solution

Section 6.1 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Subjective Significance.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

In The News

6.2 Basics of Probability

Solution

Expressing Probabilities

Theoretical Probabilities

Solution

Counting Outcomes

Think About It

Solution

Solution

Solution

Relative Frequency Probabilities

Solution

Subjective Probabilities

Solution

Probability of an Event Not Occurring

Solution

Probability Distributions

Solution

Think About It

Solution

Section 6.2 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Theoretical Probabilities.

Complementary Events.

Theoretical Probabilities.

Relative Frequency Probabilities.

Probability Distributions.

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IN THE

6.3 The Law of Large Numbers

Solution

Expected Value

Think About It

Solution

Solution

The Gambler’s Fallacy

Solution

Streaks

Think About It

Solution

Section 6.3 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

6.4 Ideas of Risk and Life Expectancy

Risk and Travel

Solution

Solution

Think About It

Vital Statistics

Solution

Think About It

Life Expectancy

Solution

Changes in Life Expectancy

Solution

Think About It

Think About It

Section 6.4 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Commercial Aviation.

Births/Deaths.

Vital Statistics.

Causes of Death.

Mortality Rates.

Life in This Century.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

6.5 Combining Probabilities (Supplementary Section)

And Probabilities

Independent Events

Solution

Dependent Events

Think About It

Solution

Solution

Either/Or Probabilities

Non-overlapping Events

Solution

Overlapping Events

Think About It

Solution

Summary

Section 6.5 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Probability and Court Decisions.

Pedestrian Deaths.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

Chapter Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

7 Correlation and Causality

7.1 Seeking Correlation

Think About It

Scatterplots

Solution

Think About It

Solution

Think About It

Types of Correlation

Solution

Measuring the Strength of a Correlation

Solution

Solution

Think About It

Calculating the Correlation Coefficient (Optional Subsection)

Section 7.1 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Correlation.

Properties of the Correlation Coefficient.

Scatterplot and Correlation.

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IN THE

7.2 Interpreting Correlations

Effects of Outliers

Solution

Consider How Data Are Grouped

Think About It

Correlation Does Not Imply Causality

Solution

Solution

Section 7.2 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Correlation and Causality.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

7.3 Best-Fit Lines and Prediction

Predictions with Best-Fit Lines

Solution

Solution

r2 and Best-Fit Lines

Solution

Solution

Multiple Regression

Think About It

Solution

Finding Equations for Best-Fit Lines (Optional Subsection)

Section 7.3 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Best-Fit Lines.

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IN THE

7.4 The Search for Causality

Establishing Causality

Think About It

Hidden Causality

Confidence in Causality

Section 7.4 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Physical Models.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

Chapter Review Exercises

Pizza and the Subway.

Chapter Quiz

8 Inferences from Samples to Populations

8.1 Sampling Distributions

Sample Means: The Basic Idea

Think About It

Sample Means with Larger Populations

Think About It

Think About It

Solution

Sample Proportions

Think About It

Solution

Section 8.1 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Notation.

Concepts and Applications

Distributions of Sample Means.

Distributions of Sample Proportions.

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IN THE

8.2 Estimating Population Means

The Basics of Estimating a Population Mean

Finding the Confidence Interval

Solution

Interpreting the Confidence Interval

Solution

Think About It

Solution

Solution

USING TECHNOLOGY Confidence Interval for a Population Mean

Choosing Sample Size

Solution

Think About It

Section 8.2 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Margins of Error and Confidence Intervals.

Sample Sizes.

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8.3 Estimating Population Proportions

The Basics of Estimating a Population Proportion

Solution

Solution

Solution

Choosing Sample Size

Solution

Solution

Section 8.3 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Margins of Error and Confidence Intervals.

Sample Size.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

Chapter Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

9 Hypothesis Testing

9.1 Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing

Think About It

Formulating the Hypotheses

Solution

Possible Outcomes of a Hypothesis Test

Think About It

Solution

Drawing a Conclusion from a Hypothesis Test

Statistical Significance

Solution

P-Values

Solution

Putting It All Together

Solution

A Legal Analogy for Hypothesis Testing

Think About It

Section 9.1 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Formulating Hypotheses.

Drawing a Conclusion from a Hypothesis Test.

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IN THE

9.2 Hypothesis Tests for Population Means

One-Tailed Hypothesis Tests

The Sampling Distribution

Finding the Standard Score

Solution

Critical Values for Statistical Significance

Think About It

Solution

Finding the P-Value

Solution

Summary: One-Tailed Tests for Population Means

Solution

Two-Tailed Tests

Solution

Solution

USING TECHNOLOGY Hypothesis Test for a Population Mean

Common Errors in Hypothesis Testing

Solution

Bias in Choosing Hypotheses

Solution

Section 9.2 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Using Critical Values to Reject or Not Reject.

Using P-Values to Reject or Not Reject.

Hypothesis Tests for Means.

Type I and Type II Errors.

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9.3 Hypothesis Tests for Population Proportions

Calculations for Hypothesis Tests with Proportions

Solution

Significance Levels and P-Values

Solution

Summary of Hypothesis Tests with Proportions

Solution

Solution

Section 9.3 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Hypothesis Tests for Population Proportions.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

Chapter Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

10 t Tests, Two-Way Tables, and ANOVA

10.1 t Distribution for Inferences about a Mean

Confidence Intervals Using the t Distribution

Solution

Solution

Think About It

USING TECHNOLOGY Confidence Intervals Using the t Distribution

Hypothesis Tests Using the t Distribution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Section 10.1 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Confidence Intervals.

Hypothesis Tests.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

IN THE

10.2 Hypothesis Testing with Two-Way Tables

Two-Way Tables

Solution

Identifying Hypotheses

Think About It

Conducting the Hypothesis Test

Calculating the Frequencies Expected by Chance

Solution

Computing the Chi-Square Statistic

Solution

Think About It

Making the Decision

Solution

Solution

Solution

Think About It

Section 10.2 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Survey Results.

Complete Hypothesis Test.

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IN THE

10.3 Analysis of Variance (One-Way ANOVA)

Hypothesis Testing for Three or More Equal Means

Conducting the Test

Solution

Solution

Section 10.3 Exercises

Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking

Does It Make Sense?

Concepts and Applications

Using Technology.

Projects for the Internet & Beyond

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